TENSES 3 ESO

TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS

PAST SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT

FUTURE

PRESENT SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS

Present simple Vs Present Continuous.

State Verbs Vs Action Verbs

Key Words

INDEX :

State / Stative Verbs Video

State / Stative Verbs

Present Simple

Present Continuous

She´s living with her aunt.They´re staying at the Park Hotel.

Permanent situation or states.

Temporary situations

She works as a nurse.They live in Italy.

Repeated , habitual actions (specially with freq. adv)

Repeated action with ALWAYS expressing annoyance or criticism.

I usually get up at 7am.I go to yoga on Mondays.

You´re always interrupting me!She´s always complaining.

Water boils at 100º.The earth goes round the sun.

Permanent truths or laws of nature.

Actions happening at or around the time of speaking.

It´s raining.I´m looking for a better job.

Fixed arrangements in the near future.

Timetables & programmes of future events.

The film finishes at 7:45pm.The plane leaves at 10pm.

I´m leaving at 6am tomorrow.They are visiting us tonight.

Changing or developing situations.

My sister is getting better.The dog is getting fatter.

I think he is English.The bathroom smells good.

State / Stative Verbs

Opinion & Thoughts

Other Verbs

Emotion & Desire

Verbs of Senses

Feel

Want

Forget

Own

Agree

Feel

Appear

Owe

Forgive

Mean

Hear

Prefer

Believe

Be

Know

Remember

See

Hate

Seem

Belong

Care

StATE / STATIVE Verbs

Suppose

Guess

Weigh

Like

Dislike

Smell

Have

Need

Mind

Sound

Measure

Consist

Think

Doubt

Taste

Cost

Look

Understand

describe states. Actions you can´t see.

ACTION VERBS

STATIVE / STATE VERBS

describe actions you can see.

* I'm thinking about your sister. (Pensar en alguien)* I'm thinking of painting the house next summer.(plan)

* I think he is rich. (Opinion)* What do you think of my new dress? (Opinion)

* I'm smelling the shirt. (I'm doing the action)

* The kitchen smells. It smells of onion. (The quality of smell possessed by sth)

*I see what you mean (understand)* I see you're in trouble.

* I'm seeing my lawyer tonight. (visit)

* You look great today. (appear)

* What are you looking at ? (see)

* They have a very large villa.. (possession)

* They are having lunch now. (eat)

* He is a very important surgeon.

* You're being rude to me. (behave - temporary)

Present Simple

Present continuous

* now * at the moment * at present * these days * still * nowadays * today * tonight, etc.

* adverbs of frequency * every day / week / month / year * in the morning / afternoon / evening * at night *at the weekend * once / twice / three times... * on Mondays, etc.

KEY WORDS

Past Simple Vs Past Continuous.

PAST SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS

INDEX :

Key Words

PASt Continuous

PASt Simple

At seven o’clock yesterday evening they were having dinner.

Action which happened at a definite time in the past.

Action which was in progress at a stated time in the past.

They went camping by the lake last month.

Actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past.

First she paid the driver, then she got out of it.

Two or more simultaneous past actions.

She was talking on her mobile phone while she was driving to work.

Kitchens were / used to be very different a hundred years ago.

To describe the atmosphere, setting, etc... in the introduction to a story .

Past habits or states which are now finished. In such cases we can also use the expression used to.

One beautifully autumn afternoon, Ben was strolling down a quiet country lane. The birds were singing and leaves were rustling in the breeze.

He was walking down the street when he ran into an old friend.

Action that interrupted another one which was in progress ( past continuous).

Action which was in progress when another action interrupted it.

He was walking down the street when he ran into an old friend.

PAST Simple

PAST continuous

* yesterday * then * When * How long ago……….? * last night / week / month / year / Monday, etc. * three days / weeks, etc. ago. * in 1223 ……..

* while * when * as * all morning / evening / day / night

time expressions

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS

Present Perfect Simple

Key Words

INDEX :

Present Perfect Simple Vs Present Perfect Continuous.

Present Perfect Simple Vs Past Simple

FORM:

HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE - Affirmative: I have worked / He has gone. - Negative: I haven´t gone / He hasn´t gone. - Question : Have you worked? / Has he gone?

Present PERFECT Simple

IT'S USED FOR:

An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.

I have lived in Canada since 1984. (and I still do)

An action when the result is very important but the time is not.

He has seen ‘Scream’.

An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.

time expressions

An action when the result of a past action is connected to the present.

She has been to the doctor twice this week. (and the week isn't over yet)

Someone has broken the window. (It is broken now) .

A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now.

We have visited London several times.

Announcing “news”.

I´ve found a new job.

An action that was completed in the very recent past (expressed by 'just')

After a superlative.

This is the best milk (that) I have ever drunk.

I have just finished my work.

PRESENT PERFECT

FOR

JUST

When talking about the length of time (duration)

For very recent events. It goes after the auxiliary verb “have”.

e.g. I have worked here for five years.

SINCE

e.g. The train has just arrived.

When talking about a starting point

EVER

Sometime before now. It is always placed before the past participle.

e.g. I have lived here since 1998.

ALREADY

Sooner than expected. It is used in affirmative sentences and is placed before the main verb.

SIGNAL WORDs

a. in questions e.g. Have you ever been to Canada? b. in negative questions e.g. Haven't they ever been to Canada? c. It is also used with 'The first time.... e.g. It's the first ime I've ever eaten Thai food.

e.g. Most people have already gone.

YET

Used in negative statements and questions when we are expecting sth to happen and goes at the end of the sentence.

NEVER

Not ever. It is always placed before the past participle.

e.g. I have never visited London. She has never been so sick.

e.g. Have you bought a ticket yet? I haven't met her yet.

PRESENT PERFECT

ALWAYS

SO FAR

At all times in the past

At this particular time (hasta ahora, hasta la fecha)

e.g. You´ve always been his friend.

e.g. t's been quiet so far. So far, they have met with no success.

LATELY

It describes events in the recent past, or situations that started a short time ago (últimamente)

SIGNAL WORDs

RECENTLY

Not long ago, or at a time that started not long ago (recientemente)

e.g. Dad's health hasn't been too go lately. Have you talked to her lately?

e.g. Have you seen any good films recently? She has recently notched up her third win at a major tennis tournament.

SEVERAL TIMES

Some times (an amount that is not exact but is fewer than many)

e.g. They have worked for us several times.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

1. When the action may be finished or not finished.

1. When the action is finished.

e.g. She has been doing her homework. (=Perhaps she has finished it or not)

e.g. She has done her homework. (=She has finished it)

2. To talk about what has been achieved in a period of time (How many times/ quantity of sth).

2. To talk about how long sth has been in progress.

e.g. I have been typing letters all morning.

e.g. I have typed four letters so far this morning.

3. For situations which are more permanent (continuing for a long time).

3. For situation which are more temporary (continuing for a short time).

e.g. He has always lived there.

e.g. He has been living there for just a few weeks.

PAST SIMPLE

It always connects the past and present.

PRESENT PERFECT

It tells us only about the past.

1. We use it to talk about sth which started in the past and continues up to the present.

1. We use it to talk about sth which started and finished in the past.

e.g. I lived in London for ten years. (= I don’t live in London now)

e.g. I have lived in London for ten years. (= I still live in London now)

2. We use it when the result of a past action is not connected to the present.

2. We use it when the result of a past action is connected to the present.

e.g. Someone broke the window yesterday. (=It is repaired)

e.g. Someone has broken the window. (=It is still broken)

3. We use it to give details of the news.

3. We often use it to announce news.

e.g. I left the bike outside for a few minutes and when I cameback it wasn´t there.

e.g. Someone has stolen my bike.

4. We don´t use it to ask when sth happened.

4. We normally use it to ask when sth happened.

e.g. When did you arrive home last night?

__

_ __

e.g. When have you arrived home ?

PAST SIMPLE

PRESENT PERFECT

5. We always use it when we say a definite past time (yesterday, last week, a month ago).

5. We use it to talk about an indefinite time up to the present (never, ever, recently).

e.g. I lost my pen yesterday.

e.g. I´ve started taking driving lessons recently.

6. We can use today, this morning ....with it when these periods of time are not finished.

6. We can use today, this morning .... with it when these periods of time are finished.

e.g. I´ve seen Tom this morning. (=It is still the morning)

e.g. I saw Tom this morning. (=It is now afternoon, evening or night)

FORM :

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS HAVE/HAS + BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE - Affirmative: He has been working. - Negative: I haven't been working. - Question : Has he been working?

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS

Past Perfect Simple Vs Past Simple

Past Perfect Simple Vs Past Perfect Continuous.

INDEX :

Signal Words

To talk about actions or events which started before a particular time in the past and were still in progress up to that time in the past.

To talk about time up to a certain point in the past.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

1. It emphasises a continuing or ongoing action.

1. It emphasises the completion of the action (the scaffolding is up).

e.g. The builders had been putting up the scaffolding when the roof fell in.

e.g. The builders had put up the scaffolding around the house.

2. It focuses on the duration of the activity.

2. It emphasises the completion of the activity (the waiting is over).

e.g. I’d been waiting an hour for the bus.

e.g. I’d waited an hour for the bus.

3. We don’t know how long.

3. It suggests a temporary situation.

e.g. She’d been living with her parents.

e.g. She’d always lived with her parents.

4. We don’t use it with actions that are completed at a single point in time (start, stop):

4. We use it with actions that are completed at a single point in time (start, stop):

___________

e.g. Had they been starting the game on time?

e.g. Had they started the game on time?

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

5. It is NOT used with verbs of the senses (hear, smell, taste) and some verbs of mental process (know, like, understand, believe)

5. It is used with verbs of the senses (hear, smell, taste) and some verbs of mental process (know,like, understand, believe)

________

e.g. We’d known for a long time that the company was going to close. We’d tasted the milk and had decided it was bad, so we threw it away

e.g. We’d been knowing … We’d been tasting the milk …

________

FORM :

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE - Affirmative: I had worked . - Negative: He hadn´t gone. - Question : Had he gone?

FORM :

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS HAD + BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE - Affirmative: He had been working. - Negative: He hadn´t been working. - Question : Had he been working?

PAST PERFECT

JUST

STILL

A very short time before the specified time.

As previously.

e.g. It still hadn't rained at the beginning of May.

e.g. I went to visit her when she'd just moved to Berlin.

AFTER

Later than.

e.g. After Sofie had finished her work, she went to lunch.

At any time before the specified time. It is always placed before the past participle.

EVER

ALREADY

SIGNAL WORDs

Before the specified time. It is used in affirmative sentences and is placed before the main verb.

e.g. It was the most beautiful photo I'd ever seen. Had you ever visited London when you moved there?

e.g.I called his office but he'd already left.

BEFORE

NEVER

At no time before the specified time. It is always placed before the past participle.

Used to show that an action was not done or was incomplete when the past simple action happened.

e.g. I'd never met anyone from California before I met Jim.

e.g. They left before I'd spoken to them. Unfortunately, the author died before he'd finished the series.

PAST PERFECT

UNTIL

YET

Up to the point in time or the event mentioned (hasta que)

Still; until the present time (ya)

e.g. Until She went to France, she hand´t eaten real French food.

e.g. When you arrived at the station, had the train left yet?

WHEN

SIGNAL WORDs

At what time.

BY THE TIME

e.g. Dan had finished his homework when I arrived.

At some point before (para cuando)

e.g. By the time he was 6, he had read many books.

AS SOON AS

Immediately at or shortly after the time that ( tan pronto como)

e.g. As soon as I had got up, I went to buy the newspaper.

PAST SIMPLE

PAST PERFECT

When Sue arrived, we had dinner. (Sue arrived, then we had dinner)

When Sue arrived, we had had dinner. (We had dinner, then Sue arrived)

FUTURE TENSES

INDEX :

Present Continuous

Present Simple

Going to

FutureContinuous

FutureSimple

Present Simple

USE :

Talking about a schedule, timetable or program. (It needs a future time expression)

e.g. Angelo: What time does the next bus leave? Sarah: It leaves at six.

Present CONTINUOUS

USE :

Talking about something that is already arranged. (It needs a future time expression)

e.g. Angelo: Do you want to go to the movies tonight? Sarah: Sorry, I can't. I'm playing soccer this evening.

FORM

am/is/are + going to + verb am/is/are not + going to + verb

Going to

USES :

1. Talking about something that is decided before the moment of speaking. It’s already planned.

e.g. SAM: When does he get back? BEN: Tomorrow night. I’m going to pick him up from the airport. (This is already planned and organized.)

2. To make predictions about the future based on present evidence.

e.g. Look at the sky. It's going to rain. (I can see black clouds in the sky)

FORM

will + verb (base form)will not/won’t + verb (base form)

FUTURE SIMPLE

USES :

1. Volunteering to do something

e.g. Angelo: I need a pencil. Sarah: I'll lend you mine.

2. Deciding at the moment of speaking to do something.

e.g. SAM: The flight arrives at 9:20 tomorrow evening. BEN: I’ll pick you up from the airport, if you like.

3. Predicting the future giving your opinion.

e.g. I think it will rain.

4. It’s also preferred with certain verbs expressing promises, speculation, uncertainty, guarantees, and with adverbs such as probably, possibly, definitely.

e.g. I promise I’ll phone you tomorrow. I’ll definitely have an answer by then

FUTURE continuous

FORM

will be + present participlewill not / won't be + present participle

USES :

1. to say that an action will be in progress at a specific time in the future.

e.g. In two hours she’ll be leaving work.

2. for an action in progress in the future which is interrupted by a shorter action.

e.g. I’ll be waiting for you when you get back.

3. To predict the present.

e.g. Don’t call her now, she’ll be studying.

4. For arrangements, often as a reminder or warning.

e.g. We’ll be leaving at 10 o’clock. (So don’t be late!)

5. To make polite enquiries about someone’s plans (without wishing to influence those plans).

e.g. Will you be watching TV this evening? (You simply want to know if the TV will be free)