sc
DO
UNIT 2
VALENCY PATTERNS
IO
s + v
THE VERB PHRASE AND THE VALENCY PATTERNS IN ENGLISH
INDEX
TYPES
THE VERB PHRASE
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
MONOTRANSITIVE VERS
COPULAR VERBS
DITRANSITIVE VERBS
MULTIPLE VALENCIES
COMPLEX TRANSITIVE
IDENTIFICATION
THANKS!
10
THE VERB PHRASE
WHY IS THE VERB THE CENTRAL ELEMENT OF THE CLAUSE?
THE MAIN VERB AS CENTRAL ELEMENT OF THE CLAUSE
The main verb determines the other elements required in that clause: OBJECTS, COMPLEMENTS OR OBLIGATORY ADVERBIALS The patterns for the clause elements is called the VALENCY PATTERNS for the verb There are five major valency patterns that can realize seven types of sentences, according to the elements required. All valency patterns require a subject and optional adverbials can always be added.
THERE ARE FIVE MAJOR VALENCY PATTERNS
INTRANSITIVE MONOTRANSITIVE DITRANSITIVE COPULAR (X 2) COMPLEX TRANSITIVE (X 2)
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Subject + Verb
The sun is shining.
It's raining (heavily). (in the city). (outside).
He works all day.
She's crying
MONOTRANSITIVE
Subject + Verb + Direct Object (S + V + DO)
He listens to music all day.
He played tennis yesterday.
They're watching TV.
He's written a letter.
DITRANSITIVE Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object (S + V + IO + DO)
Mum made me a sandwich.
Paul gave Kate a ring.
He's written Santa Claus a letter.
She teaches her students Maths.
Subject + Verb + Subject Complement
COPULAR VERBS or LINKING VERBS
He seems happy.
Subject + Verb + Obligatory Adverbial
They are students.
He is at school.
COMPLEX TRANSITIVE VERBS
Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Object Complement (S + V + DO + OC)
I found the book boring.
Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Obligatory Adverbial (S + V + DO + A)
The priest baptised the baby Peter.
She placed the baby in the cradle.
I put the flowers in the vase.
VERBS WITH MULTIPLE VALENCIES
The soup tastes delicious.I tasted the soup.
We found a map. We found the map useful.
He wrote a letter. He wrote me a letter.
IDENTIFICATION
- INTRANSITIVE (S + V)
- MONOTRANSITIVE (S + V + DO)
- DITRANSITIVE (S + V + IO + DO)
- COPULAR (S + V + SC / S + V + A)
- COMPLEX TRANSITIVE (S + V + DO + OC / S + V + DO + A)
- He drives his car fast.
- He drives fast.
- They are husband and wife.
- She's given me a present.
- I won't put up with your behaviour.
- They married last year.
- She's studying French in Paris.
- I like taking photos.
- He's at home.
- They call me Katie.
SC
S + V
DO
THANKS!
VALENCY PATTERNS
IO
Valency Patterns
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Transcript
sc
DO
UNIT 2
VALENCY PATTERNS
IO
s + v
THE VERB PHRASE AND THE VALENCY PATTERNS IN ENGLISH
INDEX
TYPES
THE VERB PHRASE
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
MONOTRANSITIVE VERS
COPULAR VERBS
DITRANSITIVE VERBS
MULTIPLE VALENCIES
COMPLEX TRANSITIVE
IDENTIFICATION
THANKS!
10
THE VERB PHRASE
WHY IS THE VERB THE CENTRAL ELEMENT OF THE CLAUSE?
THE MAIN VERB AS CENTRAL ELEMENT OF THE CLAUSE
The main verb determines the other elements required in that clause: OBJECTS, COMPLEMENTS OR OBLIGATORY ADVERBIALS The patterns for the clause elements is called the VALENCY PATTERNS for the verb There are five major valency patterns that can realize seven types of sentences, according to the elements required. All valency patterns require a subject and optional adverbials can always be added.
THERE ARE FIVE MAJOR VALENCY PATTERNS
INTRANSITIVE MONOTRANSITIVE DITRANSITIVE COPULAR (X 2) COMPLEX TRANSITIVE (X 2)
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Subject + Verb
The sun is shining.
It's raining (heavily). (in the city). (outside).
He works all day.
She's crying
MONOTRANSITIVE
Subject + Verb + Direct Object (S + V + DO)
He listens to music all day.
He played tennis yesterday.
They're watching TV.
He's written a letter.
DITRANSITIVE Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object (S + V + IO + DO)
Mum made me a sandwich.
Paul gave Kate a ring.
He's written Santa Claus a letter.
She teaches her students Maths.
Subject + Verb + Subject Complement
COPULAR VERBS or LINKING VERBS
He seems happy.
Subject + Verb + Obligatory Adverbial
They are students.
He is at school.
COMPLEX TRANSITIVE VERBS
Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Object Complement (S + V + DO + OC)
I found the book boring.
Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Obligatory Adverbial (S + V + DO + A)
The priest baptised the baby Peter.
She placed the baby in the cradle.
I put the flowers in the vase.
VERBS WITH MULTIPLE VALENCIES
The soup tastes delicious.I tasted the soup.
We found a map. We found the map useful.
He wrote a letter. He wrote me a letter.
IDENTIFICATION
SC
S + V
DO
THANKS!
VALENCY PATTERNS
IO