Science experiments

Science experiments

primary

María Ramírez Glindon

Lets experiment!!!

Active learning

This presentation includes over 50 experiments adapted to the curriculum for students from 3rd to 6th year primary

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YEAR Experiments adapted to level

4th year

3rd year

6th year

5th year

Topics

Look here for a specific sciece topic

Living things

Energy

Forces

Matter

Human body

Simple machines

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Simple machines

Expt. 1. Weightlifting

Expt. 2. Spread the load

Material: Two cotton reels, two nails, length of wood, hammer, scissors, sturdy cardboard box, pen top, plastic cup, sticky tape, string, paper clip and a heavy book. Method: 1. Take your cotton reels and ask an adult to nail one to the end of the length of wood. Nail the other about a third of the way from the other end. 2. Cut a hole in the box and insert the wood so it sticks out at an angle. It must be a tight fit so that the wood can´t move around. 3. Push the pen top lid into the lower reel to make a winding handle, and tape the spring to the spool. Make a handle for the plastic cup by taping some string across the top. 4. Wind the string onto the lower reel, keeping it taut. Bend the paper clip into a ¨s¨ shape and tie it to the end of the string so it can hook the string of the plastic cup. 5. Pace a heavy cup on top of the plastic box so the crane doesn´t topple over. Load the cup with weights, and lift it by turning the pen top handle.

Material: Two small blocks of wood, drill, two metal hooks, string, four metal eyes and a bag containing a weight to be lifted. Method: Ask an adult to drill small starter holes in two blocks of wood – one hole in the middle of each block and two holes evenly spaced on the opposite side. Screw a hook into the single holes evenly spaced on the opposite side. Screw a hook into the single holes on each block. 2. Screw two eyes, evenly spaced, into the other side of the blocks. Suspend one block using a piece of string tied to the hook. 3. Hold the second block underneath the one you´ve suspended so the eyes are facing and thread a second piece of string through in a zig zag. Secure on the last eye with a double knot. 4. Put the weight in a bag and suspend it from the bottom hook. Pull down on the string to lift the weight. It feels lighter than if you were to pick it up in the usual way.

Simple machines

Experiment 3: Invent a machine to pop a balloon

Material: A balloon, a drawing pin, a ruler, a string, cotton reel, a pencil, a yoghurt pot, plasticine, tape, a marble and a spoon. Method: 1. Invent a machine to pop a balloon. 2. Include a lever, an inclined plane and a pulley. 3. Draw your machine and label your parts. 4. Build your design and demonstrate it in action

Forceful breakfast cereal (magnetism)

Expt 1

Forces

Material: : Breakfast cereal, blender, plastic storage bag, strong magnet and hot water. Method: 1. Put a cup of cereal into a blender and add some hot water – just enough to cover all the cereal. Turn on the blender for about 1 minute, until your cereal mixture is thoroughly blended with no bumps. 2. Pour the blended mixture into a plastic and zip the bag shut. Leave it to sit for 5 minutes- this will allow the iron to sink to the bottom. 3. Take your magnet and run it along the bottom of the bag, using lots of even strokes in the same direction. The little black specs that you will see collecting around the magnet are pieces of iron.

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Forces

Experiment 2: Parachute eggs

Material: Three eggs, bin bags, twelve 50cm lengths of string, ruler, scissors and sticky tape. Method: 1. Cut a bin bag in half and lay it out flat. Using a ruler, measure three squares: 20x20cm, 30x30cm and 40x40cm. Cut out all three squares. 2. Poke a hole in each corner of the squares Thread a piece of string through each hole and tie a knot. Cover the knots with tape to secure them. 3. Tape each square to an egg by its strings. 4. Starting with the smallest parachute, drop the eggs from a height of about 3m. Inspect the eggs and see if any survived the fall. Three eggs, bin bags, twelve 50cm lengths of string, ruler, scissors and sticky tape.

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Forces

Experiment 3 : Balancing act

Material: Two identical forks, toothpick, glass and matches. Method: 1. Take two identical forks and link the prongs together to connect them. 2. Insert a toothpick through the prongs so that about 1 cm sticks out from the back. Balance the toothpick on the rim of the glass, halfway between the end of the toothpick and the forks. The handles of the forks should point inwards towards the glass. 3. Ask an adult to ignite the half of the toothpick inside the glass, being careful not to knock it. The toothpick will burn away, leaving the forks seeming to balance on virtually nothing. Two identical forks, toothpick, glass and matches.

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Forces

Experiment 4 Falling water

Material: Styrofoam cup and water. Method: 1. Fill a Styrofoam cup with water and poke a hole in the side. Cover the hole with your thumb to stop the water from coming out. 2. 2. Drop the cup from a height and non e of the water will come out while the cup is falling- only when it hits the ground. This is because the water and the cup are falling towards the ground at the same speed. Styrofoam cup and water.

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Forces

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Experiment 5: Float your boat

Materials: Marbles, glass of water, modelling clay, plastic basin. Method: 1. Drop a marble into a glass of water. It sinks. Next, drop a tightly rolled ball of modeling clay into the water. It will sink too. 2. Take the ball of modeling clay and press it out into a thin sheet. Then mold it into a shape of a boat, making its sides as high as possible. 3. Put your boat into a bowl of water. The clay now floats and will even support the weight of several marbles.

Forces

Expt 6: Elevating eggs

Material: Egg, bowl of water and salt. Method: 1. Put a fresh egg in a bowl of water. The egg will sink. 2. Add salt to the water and stir gently to dissolve it. Take care not to crack the egg. 3. Keep adding salt, eventually the water will contain so much salt that it becomes denser than the egg, and the egg will float to the surface.

Energy

Material: Material: 4 lemons, a sharp knife, crocodile clips, 4 5-cent coins, four nails and 1 m of electrical wire. Method: 1. One by one, roll your lemons on the table to release the juices inside them. This will help the current to flow. Make a slit inside each lemon in order to push the coin into the lemon and push the nail into the lemon. Make sure the coin and nail are touching the fruits´ flesh. 2. Use crocodile clips and three wires to connect the four lemons. Each wire should run between a copper coin and a zinc nail. 3. Close the circuit: connect the last copper coin and the last zinc nail to the LED. 4. Try other fruits and vegetables and see what happens. EXPLANATION: A battery uses an electrolyte from a chemical reaction. Lemon juice is an acid that can provide enough power to light up an LED – about 3 V.

Experiment 1 Bright Lemons

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Energy

Experiment 2: Tiny lightning (energy transformation

Material: Foil dish, Polystyrene tray, scissor, sticky tape. Method: 1. Cut the corner off a polystyrene tray and tape it to the middle of a foil dish. This creates a handle so you can move the dish without letting the charge escape. 2. Take the rest of the polystyrene tray and rub it on your hair to give it a static charge. Then put it upside down on a flat surface. 3. Being careful not to touch anything but the handle, pick up the foil dish and put it down on top of the polystyrene sheet. 4. Turn off the lights and then very slowly move your fingertip close to the edge of the foil dish. Watch for a tiny spark of lightning jumping from the dish to your finger.

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Energy

Experiment 3 Convection

Material: Coffee cup, large glass jar or jug, water, food colouring, clingfilm, sharp knife or skewer. Method: 1. Heat some water until it is hot but not boiling. Pour the water into a cup, adding a few drops of food colouring. Cover the cup with clingfilm andsecure it in place with a rubber band. 2. Place the cup at the bottom of a large glass jar or jug. Slowly fill the jar with cold tap water, being careful not to dislodge the plastic film over the cup. 3. Ask an adult to pierce the plastic with the tip of a sharp knife or a skewer. Take the knife out and watch what happens. 4. The hot coloured water rises in a plume through the cold water and collects at the top of the jar. After a while the coloured water will start to cool down and sink towards the bottom of the jar.

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Energy

Experiment 4: Melting butter race

Material: A large bowl, 2 L of warm water, 3 spoons, one wooden, one plastic and one metal, 10 g of butter. Method: 1. Fill the bowl with warm water. 2. Put 3 or 4 g of butter on each spoon. 3. Put each spoon in the warm water so that the butter is not touching the water. 4. Observe the butter melting. Results. Write down on which spoon did the butter melt first, last. Conclusion. Which material is a good thermal conductor and which is a good thermal insulator?

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Energy (expansion)

Experiment 5: The flowing fountain

Material: Empty plastic bottle with lid, drill, water, food colouring, straw, modelling clay and a safety pin or needle. Method: 1. Remove the lid and ask an adult to drill a hole in it just big enough for a straw to fit through. 2. Fill the bottle three quarters of the way to the top with coloured water. Screw the lid onto the bottle and slide the straw through the hole so that most of it is inside the bottle. Use modeling clay to seal the gaps around the straw. 3. Roll a small ball of modeling clay and push it into the top of the straw. Use a safety pin or needle to make the tiniest hole you can through the ball of clay. 4. Put the bottle in the sink and pour hot water down the side of the bottle and watch the fountain start spraying.

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Energy (light)

Experiment 6: Split a sunbeam

Experiment 7: Colour & tansformation of light into heat

Material: three ice cubes, three pieces of coloured paper: black, white and green or yellow. Method: 1. Wrap each ice cube in one piece of paper. 2.Predict which ice cube will melt first. 3. Put the three ice cubes in a sunny window 4. Check the ice cubes every 5-10 minutes. Write down your observations. Then check your predictions. What colour absorbed the most light energy?

Material: Piece of card, scissors, straight sided glass filled with water, sticky tape, white paper, sunny day. Method: 1. Take the piece of card and carefully cut a vertical slit. Try and make the slit as narrow as possible. 2. Tape the card to the glass of water and stand the whole thing on a sheet of paper in front of your light source. This could be a torch beam or a window with bright sunlight steaming through. 3. The light shines through the slit in the card and onto the glass of water, which splits the light into the colours it contains

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Build a periscope

Experiment 8

Material: Two juice or milk cartons, scissors, sticky tape, protractor, two plastic craft mirrors, paint or paper to decorate. Method: 1. Cut the tops off both of the juice cartons. Rinse out the cartons well and let them dry. Tape open the ends of the cartons together to make one long, narrow box 2. Cut a square opening at one end of the box. Then cut a second square, the same size as the first, but on the other side of the box at the opposite end. 3 Lie the box on its side. Use the protractor to mark a 45º at each end of the box, sloping away from the openings. Draw lines at this angle the same length as your mirrors. Turn over the box and repeat. 4. Slide your mirrors into the slots, with the shiny side of the top mirror facing downwards and the shiny side of the bottom mirror facing upwards. Push the mirrors all the way in till they reach the slots at the other side. 5. Decorate your periscope and use it to see around corners and over wall.

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Energy

Experiment 9: Air pressure

Material: saucepan, water, one egg, bowl, glass bottle with a neck slightly smaller than the egg and matches. Method: 1.Boil an egg in water for at least 5 minutes. Cool the egg by putting it in a bowl of cold water for a minute. When it is cold enough to handle, peel off the shell. 2. Place the egg on top of the bottle. No matter how long you leave it, it won´t slide into the bottle. 3. Ask an adult to strike two matches. Lift the egg, drop the matches inside the bottle, and quickly place the egg back on top. 4. After a few seconds, the egg will squeeze down inside the bottle.

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Electricity

Experiment 10: Detect a static charge

Material: Thin metal foil, glass jar with lid, wire coat hanger, wire cutters, scissors, drill, glue, sticky tape, pen and cloth. Method 1. Cut a thin strip of metal foil from a biscuit wrapper, about 1 cm wide and 6 cm long. The thinner the foil is, the better. Kitchen foil is too thick and won´t work. 2. Take a clean, empty glass jar and unscrew the lid. Ask an adult to drill a hole in the lid just big enough for the coat hanger wire to pass through. 3. Ask an adult to cut about 8-10 cm of wire from a coat hanger. Bend the end of the piece of wire into a L shape. Fold your strip of foil in two and hang it on the end of the wire. Use a tiny spot of glue to hold the foil in place. 4. Feed the other end of the wire through the hole in the lid and screw the lid onto the jar. Pull the wire through the jar far enough so that the foil is not touching the bottom of the glass. If the wire does not fit snugly in the hole, use a spot of glue to keep it in place. 5. Roll the rest of the foil from the biscuit wrapper into a ball and push it onto the wire that is sticking through the lid. 6. Hold a plastic pen near the tin foil ball. Nothing happens. Now rub the pen hard on a cloth and try again. The foil leaves inside the jar fly apart, indicating a static charge.

Expt 11: Test for conductors

Material: Battery, bulb, crocodile clips, metal fork, plastic spoon and a nail. Method: 1.. Create a circuit connecting battery to the light bulb via crocodile clips. Leave a space in the circuit where we will place our object. 2. Find out which material is a conductor and which is an insulator by connecting each object to the circuit. What will happen if the bulb lights up?

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Electricity and electromagnetism

Experiment 14: Make a compass

Material: A steel needle, a bar magnet, a 5 mm disc of cork, a plastic place or cup, some water, some plasticine and a compass. Method: 1. First magnetise the needle. To do this, slide one end of the bar magnet along the needle 50 – 60 times in the same direction. 2. Pour some water into the plastic plate. The water should be about 5 mm deep. 3. Attach the needle to the cork disc with the plasticine. Make sure the needle lies flat on the disc. Carefully place the disc on the water. It should float. 4. Look at the direction the needle is pointing. Compare it with the compass. 5. Take the plate around the classroom. What happens?

Experiment 12 : Oersteds Experiment?

Material: Compass, light bulb, switch and a six volt battery. Method: 1. Make a circuit with a light bulb, a switch and a six volt battery. 2. Place a compass near the wire so the needle is parallel to the wire. 3. Switch on the circuit. What do you notice? 4. Move the compass so the needle is at right angles to the wire. What do you notice? 5. Move the compass away from the wire slowly. What do you notice as you move it. 6. Draw pictures to show the results of your experiment. .

Experiment 13:Show the magnetic field of a bar magnet

Material: Bar magnet, iron filings and a sheet of paper. Method: 1. Place the magnet on a table. Put the sheet of paper over the magnet. 2. Carefully sprinkle the iron filings onto the paper. 3. Draw a diagram to show the position of the filings.

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Electromagnetism

Experiment 15: Buid an electromagnet

Experiment 16: Electroplating

Material: Small jar, vinegar, salt, about 10 tarnished copper coins and ungalvanized iron nails. Method: 1. Half-fill a jar vinegar and stir in a teaspoon of salt. Drop about 10 copper coins into the solution and leave them for about 30 minutes. The darker the coins, the better. The dark coating is a layer of copper oxide, formed when copper reacts with oxygen in the air. 2. Take the coins out of the vinegar, rinse them in water and dry them. They should now be all shiny. Drop some nails into the vinegar and check them after another 30 minutes. 3. The nails that were silver coloured when they went into the vinegar solution will now have a bright layer of copper on them.

Material: Screwdriver with a plastic handle, insulated wire, 4.5 volt battery, sticky tape, ruler, steel paper clips, wire strippers or scissors. Method: 1.About 30 cm from one end of your wire, stick the wire to the screwdriver´s handle, where it meets the blade, with a piece of tape. 2. Wrap the wire tightly around the metal blade of the screwdriver 60 times. Use sticky tape around the last turn to hold it securely in place. 3. Leave a length of 30 cm then cut the wire. Ask an adult to remove the insulation from the last 2-3 cm. Then strip the same amount off the end attached to the handle. 4. Connect one end of the wire to one terminal of the battery, and the other end to the battery´s other terminal.

5. Touch the end of the screwdriver blade to some paper clips. How many can it pick up? Disconnect the wires from the battery and try again- the screwdriver should lose its magnetism.

Diffusion

Experiment 12: Reflection and diffusion

Material: Torch, black card, white paper, tape and a pencil. Method: 1. Find four solid objects with different surfaces 2. Make a small hole in the card with a pencil. Tape the card over the torch so that the light can only pass through the hole. 3. Put the paper on the table. Place each object in turn on the paper, near the edge. 4. Switch off the lights. Shine the torch on the object. 5. Use the pencil to mark the path of light on the table.

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The human body

Experiment 1: The size of our lungs

Experiment 2: How does the stomach really work?

Material: A plastic basin filled with water, 2 litre plastic bottle, a plastic tube, a permanent marker and a ruler. Method: 1. Fill the basin and the bottle with water. How much water can you move from the bottle? Make a prediction. 2. Hold the bottle upside down in the water. Put the tube inside. 3. Blow into the tube. What happens to the water in the bottle? 4. Measure the space in the bottle with a ruler. Write down your results. 5. Write your conclusions.

Material: Biscuits and bananas, water and orange juice, a sandwich bag, a stocking, a plastic cup with a hole. Method: 1. Put the biscuits and the bananas into the bag. Add water and orange juice. 2. Squeeze the air out of the bag and close it. Squish the food so it makes a paste. 3. Cut one corner of the bag and pass the paste into the stocking. 4. Pass the paste all the way down the stocking into the cup. 5. Write your results

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Human body

Experiment 3: How does the diaphragm work?

Material: 2 litre plastic bottle with the bottom cut off, a rubber band, a balloon, a piece of plastic bag. Method: 1. Put the balloon into the neck of the bottle, and stretch the top of the balloon over the neck of the bottle so the balloon is hanging inside. 2. Hold the plastic bag loosely over the bottom of the plastic bottle. What does the balloon represent? And the plastic bag? 3. Ask a partner to help you secure the plastic bag over the bottom of the bottle with the elastic band. 4. Push the plastic bag up into the bottle and pull it down. Watch what happens to the balloon. 5. Write down what happens. What does this tell us about the diaphragm and the lungs?

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Rapid response

Experiment 4

Material: Paper, scissors, sticky tape or glue, pencil, coloured pens and ruler. Method: 1. Place a ruler on a sheet of paper and draw around it with a pencil.- Cut this strip of paper out and divide it into six equal bands. Shade each of these a different colour. 2. Stick the whole strip to the ruler with either tape or glue.. Ask a friend to hold the top of the ruler so that the bottom end is hanging between your open thumb and forefinger. 3. Ask your friend to drop the ruler, without warning you. When they do grip it as fast as you can. The fewer bands that slip through your fingers before you grip it, the faster your reactions.

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Interaction

Experiment 5

Material: 3 different clear fizzy drinks and food colouring. Method: 1. Fill three cups with different clear fizzy drinks and get a friend to taste them and guess what they are. Tell them to leave the room. 2. Add different food colouring to each one. When they taste them again, see if their answers are different.

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Stump your sense of smell

Experiment 6

METHOD: 1. Cut a pear in half, put it under your nose and take a bite of an apple. Does the apple taste like an apple?

Cardboard camara

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Experiment 7

Material: Empty cube-shaped tissue box, cardboard toilet-troll tube, small magnifying glass, sheet of tracing paper, paper to decorate, scissors and sticky tape. Method: 1. Take an empty tissue box. On the opposite side to the opening, hold the cardboard tube and draw around it in a circle. Push a pencil through the middle of the circle to make a hole and then carefully cut out the circle with the scissors. 2. Wrap the box in coloured paper (without covering the openings) and secure with tape. Tape a magnifying glass to the end of the cardboard tube and slide the tube into the hole you made in the box. It should move easily in and out. 3. Cut a sheet of tracing paper down to size and tape it over the opening of the box. It should be stretched taut without wrinkles. 4. Point your camera at a bright object and move the lens in and out until you see a sharp image appear on the screen. It will be back to front and upside down

Nutrition

Experiment 8: Absorption of energy in th blood

Material: 2 glasses, 25 ml of honey, 100 ml of warm water, 100 ml of warm water, 1 teaspoon of sugar and 1 teaspoon of flour. Method: 1. Mix the honey and warm water together. This mixture represents our blood. 2. Put 100 ml of the mixture into each glass. 3. Gently sprinkle the sugar into one glass and the flour into the other glass with the water and honey mixture. 4. Carefully observe both glasses. Which substance dissolves first? 5. Write down your results stating which type of food is absorbed more quickly, sugary foods or carbohydrates. 6. Write your conclusion explaining which food is best if we need energy quickly? Which food is best if we need energy for a longer period of time.

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Atoms, molecules, elements, compounds

Use the lego blocks to show:Draw diagrams

Each individual block of lego that is of the same size and colour represents an atom. A piece of lego of a different colour represents a different atom.

Each atom has its own individual properties for example colour and shape just like the lego.

A molecule is made when two or more different atoms join together

Elements are made of atoms of the same type. They are pure substances.

Compounds are made from molecules of the same type. Example pure water.

MOLECULE

COMPOUND

ELEMENTS

ATOM

Matter

Expt 1: Air in a ballon

Material: Box, 2 balloons Hypothesis? Does air have volume? Method: 1. Fill one balloon with air and place it in a box 2. Take a second balloon and fill it with less air. Place it in the box. Write down results and conclusion

Expt 3: Does a liquid have size and shape?

MATERIAL: Measuring jug, milk, glass dish. Method: 1. Fill the measuring jug with 200ml of milk. 2. Pour the milk into the glass dish. 3. Pour it back into the measuring jug. 4. Explain what happened to the shape and size of the milk when you changed its container.

Expt 2: Does air have mass/ weight?

Expt 4 Does a gas have definate size and shape?

Material: 2 balloons, ruler, string and cellotape. Hypothesis: Does air have mass/ weight? Method: 1. Tie a string to the middle of a ruler. 2. Fill one balloon with air and stick it to the end of the ruler. 3. Take the second balloon and do not fill it with air and stick it to the other end of the ruler.

MATERIAL: Balloon, needle. Method: 1. Fill the balloon with air. 2. Pop the balloon. 3. Where does the air go? 4. Write down your results and explain your findings.

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Experiment 7: Changes of state in water

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Matter

Materials: Ice cube container, water, pan Method: 1. Fill the ice cube holder with water and place in the freezer overnight. What is this change of state ? 2. Remove the ice cubes from the freezer, leave on the table and see what happens. What is this change of state? 3. Pour the water from the container into the pan and heat. See what happens. What is this change of state? 4. Write down your observations as results and your conclusions.

Experiment 5: How runny is it?

Material: Equal amounts of water, honey, washing-up liquid, jam, oil, 5 glasses. Method: 1. Pour the water into the first glass and count how long it takes to fill he glass. 2. Continue to pour the other liquids into the remaining glasses and count how long it takes to fill them. 3. Write down your results and answer which liquid is the runniest. 4. What happens to the shape of the liquid when it enters the glass.

Experiment 8: Measuring masses and volume

Materials: Measuring scales, litre measuring jug, water, ball of plasticine, a stone, an orange and measuring chart. Method: 1. Use the measuring scales to measure the mass of each object. 2. Fill the jug with 30 cl o water, put an object in it. The volume of the object is the change in the level of water. 3. Write results in a chart. Repeat with the other objects. 4. Compare the mass and volume of all the objects.

Experiment 6: Which liquid is the runniest?

Experiment 9: Seperating mixtures

Material: Two identical marbles, a glass of treacle, a glass of honey. Method: 1. Drop a marble into a glass of honey and another marble into a glass of treacle at the same time. 2. Which one reaches the bottom first? 3. Write your conclusion – Which liquid is runnier? Why doesn´t the marble change shape when it is put into the glass?

Materials: A sieve, flour, sand, chalk, coffee, salt, sugar, water, clear glasses, a results chart. Method: 1. Mix each material with some water in the clear glasses. Stir well. 2. Pour some mixture into the sieve to separate. Leave mixtures for a few days. 4. Write your results in a chart and write your conclusion answering which substances separated by filtration and which by evaporation?

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Matter

Expt. 11. Liquid to a gas

Expt. 10: Solid to a liquid

Question: Can a liquid change to a gas? Material: kettle, measuring jug, water and a mirror. Method: 1. Measure 400 ml of water. 2. Pour it into the kettle. 3. Switch it on and hold a mirror near to the kettle. 4. Measure the water left in the kettle. 5. Write down your results.

Question: Can a solid change to a liquid? Material: Candle, match. Method: 1. Light the candle and wait to see what happens. 2. Blow out the candle and leave for a few minutes. 3. Write down your results. Show the results in a diagram.

Eureka!

Matter (volume & density)

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Liquid layers Expt.14

Expt. 12: What´s its volume?

Expt. 13: How dense is it?

Material: Tall glass, cooking oil, water, treacle, food colouring and a selection of small objects. Method: 1. Pour a few drops of food colouring, then pour equal amounts of treacle and cooking oil. 2. Drop in a selection of solid objects and give everything a good stir so that it is all mixed up. 3. Leave the mixture to settle for about 30 minutes. The treacle settles on the bottom, the oil rises to the top, and the coloured water sits in the middle. The objects sink and then floats in the places where the liquids meet.

Material: Measuring jug, different objects Method: 1. Take a measuring jug and fill with 150ml of water. 2. Take an object and place it inside the water. Take note of the level of water on the jug. 3. Calculate the volume of the object. The volume of the object is the change in the level of the water beaker. 4. Repeat using different sized objects.

Material: weighing scales, note pad and pencil, plastic bottle, scissors and straw, modelling clay, measuring jug and an object to be weighed that must be waterproof. Method: 1. Weigh your object on the scales. Note down the reading- this tells you the objects mass. (Mass is the amount of matter in something). 2. Cut the top off the plastic bottle and recycle it. Take the bottom part and make a hole in it, just big enough to fit a straw through, near the top of one side. 3. Push the straw through the hole and angle it downwards, using the modeling clay to seal the gap around it. Position the jug beneath the straw and fill the bottle with water until some of it runs out through the straw. Throw this water away. 4. Fully submerge the object in the water. The amount of water that comes out of the bottle into the jug is the object´s volume. You can use this to find the object´s density by dividing the mass by the volume.

Mixtures

A mixture is made when you combine two or more different substances. There are two types of mixtures: HETEROGENEOUS and HOMOGENEOUS

Expt. 16: Heterogeneous mixture

Expt. 15: Homogeneous reaction

Question:: Can you see the different substances that make up the mixture? Material: Sugar, water, spoon. MEethod: 1. Mix the sugar and water together and stir. 2. What has happened to the sugar? Write results and conclusion

Question: Can you see the different substances that make up a heterogeneous mixture? Material: Banana, apple, strawberries, bowl and spoon. Method: 1. Mix all the ingredients together. 2. Write down what you observe. Write results and conclusion

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Mixtures

Experiment 17: Which solids dissolve in water?

Material: Clear plastic cups, template 4,2 , cold water, hot water, four different solids and a teaspoon. METHOD : 1. Choose four different solids and predict if they will dissolve in hot water and cold water. Complete the predictions section on the template. 2. Add a teaspoon of each of the solids to four glasses of cold water. Observe what happens. Stir and observe what happens again. Fill in the cold water column on the template. 3. Now add a teaspoon of each of the four solids to the four glasses of hot water. Observe what happens. Stir and observe what happens again. Fill in the hot water column on the template. 4. Now discuss with members of your group and fill in the conclusion section on the template

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Experiment 15: Conductor or insulator

Materials: A Battery, three crocodile wires with crocodile clips, small light bulb and holder and objects to test. Method: 1. Make a circuit using a battery and light. 2. Reorganise your circuit and put objects into the circuit. Why does the light switch on with some objects? Why does the light stay off with other objects? 3. Experiment with more objects but predict the result each time? Are you right? 4. Write your conclusion. Which materials let the electricity flow? Materials: A Battery, three crocodile wires with crocodile clips, small light bulb and holder and objects to test.

Living things

Experiment 1 :Sow a seed

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Material: Jar, blotting paper, broad bean seed and water Method: 1. Soak your broad bean for a day or two. Dip a piece of blotting paper to moisten it then roll it up.2. Fill the jar with the rolled up paper and wedge the broad bean seed between the jar and the paper about half way down. If the paper won´t prop up the seed by itself, pack some more paper inside the roll. 3. Add 2 cm of water to the jar, but only to a level below the seed. Place the jar i n a warm dark place so that the seed can germinate. 4. Leave the jar for a few days, keeping the paper moist by adding a few drops of water if it feels. Eventually a small root will sprout, growing downwards. 5. After several more days, a green shoot will sprout from the bean, growing upwards seeking light. Move the jar into a sunny spot to help the shoot grow.

Experiment 2: Growing race

Material: Sprouting bean seed grown previously, potting soil ant plant pot. Method: 1. Fill three pots with soil and plant a sprouting bean seed into each of them, with the seed and the roots under the soil surface. 2. Label the pots 1 to 3. Place pots 1 and 2 near a window and pot 3 in a cupboard. Water the pots a little every day for 3 weeks. 3. Record your results. 4. Write down your conclusions.

Living things

Experiment 4: Observe the oxygen

Experiment 3: How do potatoes reproduce?

Material: Material: Bowl, water and leaves Method: 1. Put a leaf in water in a sunny place. Check after an hour. 2. What are the little bubbles on the leaf (especially on the underside and) and on the sides of the glass? 3. Now put one leaf in water in a sunny place and one leaf in water in a dark place. Is there any difference?

Material: Plastic cup, tooth picks, water, potatoes, potting soil, plant pot and record sheet. Method: 1. Write your name on a plastic cup and stick the tooth picks in a circle around the middle of the potato. 2. Pour some water into the plastic cup. Put your potato inside the cup. Make sure the water is touching the bottom of the potato. 3. Write your name on the plant pot. Add soil and put in your potato. Put the plant pot in a bright place and make sure the soil stays moist. 4. Record what happens each week on your record sheet. 5. Write your hypothesis and your conclusions

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Grow your own germs

Expt 5

Living things

Material:1 litre of water, 15 g of agar flakes, 2 OXO beef stock cubes, two small shallow dishes which can be thrown away after the experiment, clingfilm and bleach. Method: 1. In a pan, mix the agar flakes with the water and two stock cubes. Stir it over a low heat until everything dissolves. Bring the mixture to a boil, then let it simmer for 30 minutes (to sterilize it). This mixture provides food for the bacteria and helps them grow. 2. Let the mixture cool for 10 minutes. Make sure the shallow dishes are as clean as possible. An adult should sterilize them with hot water. Pour the cool mixture into the dishes so that the bottom of each dish is covered. 3. Immediately cover the dishes with clingfilm to keep unwanted bugs out. Let the dishes stand until the mixtures have set. Agar will set without having to put it in the fridge. 4. To begin the experiment, uncover a dish and swish a fingertip lightly across the surface of the mixture. Cover up the dish again straight away afterwards. Use each dish to test a different person. Label them so you know whose is whose. 5. Leave the dishes in a warm place. After two or three days you should see something on the surface of the mixture. See what has grown after one week. Whose fingers had the most bugs?

Unicellular organisms

Expt 6

Living things

What do you think yeast needs to carry out nutrition? Material: Three empty plastic bottles (all three must be the same), 15 g of fresh yeast, 200 ml of warm water, 2 spoonfuls of sugar and three balloons. Method: 1. Label the plastic bottles: A- water, sugar and yeast, B- water and yeast, C- sugar and yeast. 2. Add the following materials to each bottle: • Bottle A: 100ml of warm water, 1 spoonful of sugar and 5 g of yeast • Bottle B: 100ml of warm water and 5 g of yeast. • Bottle C: 1 spoonful of sugar and 5 g of yeast. 3. Put a balloon over the neck of each bottle. Then leave the bottles in a warm place for 20 minutes. Results: After 20 minutes, describe the three balloons. Which has inflated the most? Conclusion: Which combination produced carbon dioxide? What does yeast need to carry out nutrition?