MODALSOF OBLIGATION
Have to - Must - Should
Start
Have to / must (+infinitive)
Have to and must are normally used to talk about obligation or something that is necessary to do.
1.
have to
It is a normal verb and it exists in all tenses and forms, e.g. also as a gerund or infinitive.
LET'S SEE SOME EXAMPLES
You have to wear a seatbelt in a car.
Do you have to work on Saturdays?
I had to wear a uniform at my primary school.
I’ll have to get up early tomorrow. My interview is at 9.00
2.
must (+infinitive)
It is a modal verb. It only exists in the present, but it can be used with a future meaning.
for example
You must be on time tomorrow because there’s a test.
You must remember to phone Emily – it’s her birthday.
strong recommendation
2016
You can also use have to or must for strong recommendations.
2017
2018
I love the Louvre! You have to go when you’re in Paris.
You must see this film – it’s amazing!
2019
2020
Have to or must?
Have to and must have a very similar meaning, and you can usually use either form.
Have to or must?
Must is more common for specific (i.e. on one occasion) or personal obligations.
It is more common for general, external obligations, for example rules and laws
I must buy a new shirt – this one is too old now. (= It’s my own decision.)
I have to wear a shirt and tie at work. (= It’s the rule in this company.
HAVE GOT TO
It is often used instead of 'have to' or 'must' in spoken English, e.g. I’ve got to go now. It’s very late.
DON'T HAVE TO - MUSTN'T
Mustn't
Don't have to
We use don’t have to when there is no obligation to do something.
We use mustn’t when something is prohibited.
You don’t have to pay – this museum is free.
You don’t have to go to the party if you don’t want to.
You mustn’t park here.
You mustn’t eat that cake. – it’s for the party.
don’t have to and mustn’t are completely different
VS
You mustn’t drive along this street.
You don’t have to drive – we can get a train.
(It’s prohibited, against the law. NOT "YOU DON’T HAVE TO DRIVE ALONG THIS STREET.")
(You can drive if you want to, but it’s not necessary / obligatory.)
Mustn't - can't - be not allowed to
You can often use can’t or not allowed to instead of mustn’t.
You mustn’t / can’t / ’re not allowed to park here.
3.
should shouldn't
Should is a modal verb. The only forms are should / shouldn’t.
Should is not as strong as must / have to. We use it to give advice or an opinion – to say if we think something is the right or wrong thing to do.
SHOULD / SHOULDN'T
2.
3.
1.
4.
You should take warm clothes with you to Dublin.
It might be cold at night.
You shouldn’t drink so much coffee. It isn’t good for you
I think the government should do something about unemployment
You shouldn't go there. It seems to be dangerous
You can use ought to / ought not to instead of should / shouldn’t
You ought to take warm clothes with you to Dublin.
You ought not to drink so much coffee.
You should take warm clothes with you to Dublin You shouldn’t drink so much coffee
MODAL VERBS OBLIGATION - PROHIBITION - ADVICE
IT'S YOUR TURN NOW!
Make one sentence for each modal
4.
1.
HAVE TO
DON'T HAVE TO
5.
2.
SHOULD
SHOULDN'T
3.
6.
MUSTN'T
MUST
Modals of obligation
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Transcript
MODALSOF OBLIGATION
Have to - Must - Should
Start
Have to / must (+infinitive)
Have to and must are normally used to talk about obligation or something that is necessary to do.
1.
have to
It is a normal verb and it exists in all tenses and forms, e.g. also as a gerund or infinitive.
LET'S SEE SOME EXAMPLES
You have to wear a seatbelt in a car. Do you have to work on Saturdays? I had to wear a uniform at my primary school. I’ll have to get up early tomorrow. My interview is at 9.00
2.
must (+infinitive)
It is a modal verb. It only exists in the present, but it can be used with a future meaning.
for example
You must be on time tomorrow because there’s a test. You must remember to phone Emily – it’s her birthday.
strong recommendation
2016
You can also use have to or must for strong recommendations.
2017
2018
I love the Louvre! You have to go when you’re in Paris. You must see this film – it’s amazing!
2019
2020
Have to or must? Have to and must have a very similar meaning, and you can usually use either form.
Have to or must?
Must is more common for specific (i.e. on one occasion) or personal obligations.
It is more common for general, external obligations, for example rules and laws
I must buy a new shirt – this one is too old now. (= It’s my own decision.)
I have to wear a shirt and tie at work. (= It’s the rule in this company.
HAVE GOT TO
It is often used instead of 'have to' or 'must' in spoken English, e.g. I’ve got to go now. It’s very late.
DON'T HAVE TO - MUSTN'T
Mustn't
Don't have to
We use don’t have to when there is no obligation to do something.
We use mustn’t when something is prohibited.
You don’t have to pay – this museum is free. You don’t have to go to the party if you don’t want to.
You mustn’t park here. You mustn’t eat that cake. – it’s for the party.
don’t have to and mustn’t are completely different
VS
You mustn’t drive along this street.
You don’t have to drive – we can get a train.
(It’s prohibited, against the law. NOT "YOU DON’T HAVE TO DRIVE ALONG THIS STREET.")
(You can drive if you want to, but it’s not necessary / obligatory.)
Mustn't - can't - be not allowed to
You can often use can’t or not allowed to instead of mustn’t. You mustn’t / can’t / ’re not allowed to park here.
3.
should shouldn't
Should is a modal verb. The only forms are should / shouldn’t.
Should is not as strong as must / have to. We use it to give advice or an opinion – to say if we think something is the right or wrong thing to do.
SHOULD / SHOULDN'T
2.
3.
1.
4.
You should take warm clothes with you to Dublin. It might be cold at night.
You shouldn’t drink so much coffee. It isn’t good for you
I think the government should do something about unemployment
You shouldn't go there. It seems to be dangerous
You can use ought to / ought not to instead of should / shouldn’t
You ought to take warm clothes with you to Dublin. You ought not to drink so much coffee.
You should take warm clothes with you to Dublin You shouldn’t drink so much coffee
MODAL VERBS OBLIGATION - PROHIBITION - ADVICE
IT'S YOUR TURN NOW!
Make one sentence for each modal
4.
1.
HAVE TO
DON'T HAVE TO
5.
2.
SHOULD
SHOULDN'T
3.
6.
MUSTN'T
MUST