Enzymes

Let's Go

Enzymes

Why do we need enzymes?

Need to Remember

Enzyme Reaction

Substrate

Product 2

Product 1

Active Site

Enzyme

Enzyme

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

01 Substrate

What is a substrate?

-The specific reactant that an enzyme acts on. -A substrate fits into a region of the enzyme called the active site.

02 Active Site

Where is the active site?

- A substrate fits into a region of the enzyme called the active site. -Enzymes are specific because their active site fits only specific substrate molecules.

03 Enzyme

What is an Enzyme?

- Enzymes are proteins -Enzymes usually have the suffix -ase -Enzymes are biological catalysts that function to lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur. -They do this by lowering energy barriers -Biological molecules possess potential energy.

The Catalytic Cycle

Different Reactions

Learn More

Exergonic Reaction

04 Exergonic Reaction

What is an exergonic reaction?

- Reaction is spontaneous - a decrease in energy or energy is released -Hydrolysis reactions are exergonic reations -Examples: -Catabolic Reactions -Digestion -Cellular Respiration

Learn More

Learn More

Endergonic Reaction

05 Endergonic Reaction

What is an endergonic reaction?

-This reaction is NOT spontaneous because it needs energy to occur. -So energy must be added! -We need catalysts (enzymes) to lower the activation energy. -Examples of Endergonic Reactions: -Dehydration Synthesis -Photosynthesis -Protein Synthesis -Anabolic Reactions

Learn More

06 Inhibitors

What is an inhibitor?

-An inhibitor is a substance that slows down or prevents a reaction from occuring. -When it comes to enzymes, an inhibitor will block the function of the enzyme. It can do this in two different ways. -Competively (Competitive Inhibitor) -Non-competively (Non-Competitive Inhibitor)

-Competitive Inhibitors-Will block the substrate from entering the active site. -Typically will bind to the active site-Non-competitive Inhibitors: -Will bind somewhere else on the enzyme -This will then change the shape of the active site so the specific substrate can no longer bind to the enzyme. Examples: Heavy metals, Pesticides, and some medications

Learn More

07 Inhibitors

What is an inhibitor?