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Enzymes
KYRA SLATER
Created on May 26, 2020
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Transcript
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Why do we need enzymes?
Enzymes
Product 2
Product 1
Active Site
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Enzyme
Enzyme
Substrate
Enzyme Reaction
-The specific reactant that an enzyme acts on. -A substrate fits into a region of the enzyme called the active site.
01 Substrate
What is a substrate?
- A substrate fits into a region of the enzyme called the active site. -Enzymes are specific because their active site fits only specific substrate molecules.
02 Active Site
Where is the active site?
- Enzymes are proteins -Enzymes usually have the suffix -ase -Enzymes are biological catalysts that function to lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur. -They do this by lowering energy barriers -Biological molecules possess potential energy.
03 Enzyme
What is an Enzyme?
Different Reactions
The Catalytic Cycle
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Exergonic Reaction
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- Reaction is spontaneous - a decrease in energy or energy is released -Hydrolysis reactions are exergonic reations -Examples: -Catabolic Reactions -Digestion -Cellular Respiration
04 Exergonic Reaction
What is an exergonic reaction?
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Endergonic Reaction
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-This reaction is NOT spontaneous because it needs energy to occur. -So energy must be added! -We need catalysts (enzymes) to lower the activation energy. -Examples of Endergonic Reactions: -Dehydration Synthesis -Photosynthesis -Protein Synthesis -Anabolic Reactions
05 Endergonic Reaction
What is an endergonic reaction?
-Competitive Inhibitors-Will block the substrate from entering the active site. -Typically will bind to the active site-Non-competitive Inhibitors: -Will bind somewhere else on the enzyme -This will then change the shape of the active site so the specific substrate can no longer bind to the enzyme. Examples: Heavy metals, Pesticides, and some medications
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-An inhibitor is a substance that slows down or prevents a reaction from occuring. -When it comes to enzymes, an inhibitor will block the function of the enzyme. It can do this in two different ways. -Competively (Competitive Inhibitor) -Non-competively (Non-Competitive Inhibitor)
06 Inhibitors
What is an inhibitor?
07 Inhibitors
What is an inhibitor?