ENGLISH TENSES

English Tenses

Gerard barrallo

Timeline of Tenses

English Tenses

TIMELINE

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

FUTURE SIMPLE

PAST CONTINUOUS

PAST SIMPLE

PAST CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT

TO BE GOING TO

PRESENT SIMPLE

PAST SIMPLE

FUTUTE SIMPLE(TO BE GOING TO)

FUTURE SIMPLE(WILL)

Present Simple

English Tenses

Affirmative:

Short Answers:

TIMELINE

Affirmative: Subject + doYes, I do (Yes, I/you/we/they do) Affirmative: Subject + does Yes, he does (Yes, he/she/it does) Negative: Subject + don't No, I don't (No, I/you/we/they don't) Negative: Subject + doesn't No, he doesn't (No, he/she/it doesn't)

Subject + base form + object I study English on Tuesday. Subject + base form + s/es in the 3rd person singular She goes to bed at 10 o`clock p.m. "es" when the verb ends: - o/s/ss/sh/ch/x watch - watches - Consonant + y study - studies

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PAST SIMPLE

PAST CONTINUOUS

Use:

PRESENT PERFECT

Negative:

• Habits, daily routine

I get up at 8 o'clock (a.m.)

• Facts and states

Monkeys can climb.

FUTURE SIMPLE(TO BE GOING TO)

Subject + don't/doesn't + base form + objectTom doesn't do the housework.

Time Expressions:

Questions:

FUTURE SIMPLE(WILL)

• Every day, on Monday, in Summer...
• Always, usually, often, never

Do/Does + subject + base form + object Do you like reading?

Present Continuous

English Tenses

Affirmative:

Short Answers:

TIMELINE

Affirmative: Subject + amYes, I am. Affirmative: Subject + are Yes, you are (Yes, you/we/they are) Affirmative: Subject + is Yes, he is (Yes, he/she/it is) Negative: Subject + am + not No, I am not. Negative: Subject + aren't No, you aren't (No, you/we/they aren't) Negative: Subject + isn't No, he isn't (No, he/she/it isn't)

Subject + to be + base form + -ing + object I'm taking the dog for a walk. When the verb ends: - "e" believe - believing - "l" travel - travelling - Consonant + vowel + consonant run - running Subject + to be + not + base form + -ing + object She is not eating on the sofa. To be + subject + base form + -ing + object Are you eating a piece of a cake?

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PAST SIMPLE

Negative:

PAST CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT

Use:

FUTURE SIMPLE(TO BE GOING TO)

• Actions in progress now.

• Don't use the continuous form in stative verbs.

Questions:

Time Expressions:

FUTURE SIMPLE(WILL)

• Now, at the moment, right now...
• Today, Tonight...

Past Simple

English Tenses

Affirmative:

Short Answers:

TIMELINE

Affirmative: Subject + did Yes, I did. (Yes, you/he/she/it/we/they did.) Affirmative: Subject + was/were Yes, I was. (Yes, you/he/she/it/we/they was/ were.) Negative: Subject + didn't No, I didn't. (No, you/he/she/it/we/they didn't.) Negative: Subject + wasn't/weren't No, I wasn't. (No, you/he/she/it/we/they wasn't/ weren't.)

Subject + base form + -ed + object I played the guitar. When the verb ends: - Consonant + y study - studied - "e" arrive (omit the "e") - arrived - Consonant + vowel + consonant travel - travelled

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PAST SIMPLE

Exceptions: was/were (irregular verbs)

PAST CONTINUOUS

Use:

Negative:

PRESENT PERFECT

• Finished actions.
• Situations in the past
• We know when something happened

Subject + didn't + base form + object I didn't cook the lunch.

FUTURE SIMPLE(TO BE GOING TO)

Exceptions: wasn't/weren't (irregular verbs

Questions:

Time Expressions:

FUTURE SIMPLE(WILL)

Did + subject + base form + object Did she paint the wall.

• Yesterday, last week, the other day
• Annyone passed day, in + year ...
• Ago

Exceptions: Was ?/Were ? (irregular verbs)

Past Continuous

English Tenses

Affirmative:

Short Answers:

TIMELINE

Subject + was/were + base form + -ing + object I was writting a letter. When the verb ends: - "e" paste (omit the "e") - pasting. - Consonant + vowel + consonant run (double the last consonant) - running. - "ie" tie (omit "ie" and add "y") - tying.

Affirmative: Subject + wasYes, I was. (Yes, he/she/it was) Affirmative: Subject + were Yes, you were. (Yes, we/they were) Negative: Subject + wasn't No, I wasn't (No, he/she/it wasn't) Negative: Subject + weren't No, you weren't. (No, we/they weren't)

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PAST SIMPLE

PAST CONTINUOUS

Use:

Negative:

PRESENT PERFECT

• We use the past continuous to talk about actions in progress at a particular time in the past.

Subject + wasn't/weren't + base form + -ing + object You weren't going to the party.

FUTURE SIMPLE(TO BE GOING TO)

Time Expressions:

Questions:

• Suddently, yesterday morning...
• As, while, when...

FUTURE SIMPLE(WILL)

Was/Were + subject + base form + -ing + object Was she swimming in the pool?

Present Perfect

English Tenses

Affirmative:

Short Answers:

TIMELINE

Affrimative: Subject + have/has Yes, they have. Negative: Subject + haven't/hasn't No, it hasn't.

Subject + have/has + past participle + objectWe have sung a song. Short forms of have: Have 've Has 's

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Use:

PAST SIMPLE

Negative:

• To refere to the recent past.
• Describe event which started in the past and continue in the present.
• Things that happened in the past.

Subject + haven't/hasn't + past participle + object She hasn't finished her homework. Short forms of have: Have not haven't Has not hasn't

PAST CONTINUOUS

Time Expressions:

PRESENT PERFECT

• For: Length of time.
• Since: The starting point when the action began.
• Already: affrimative (middle position)
• Yet: negative/interrogative (ending position)
• Ever, never.

FUTURE SIMPLE(TO BE GOING TO)

Questions:

FUTURE SIMPLE(WILL)

Have/has + subject + past participle + objectHave you ever been in Barcelona?

Future Simple (to be going to)

English Tenses

Affirmative:

Short Answers:

TIMELINE

Affirmative: Subject + am Yes, I am. Affirmative: Subject + are Yes, you are. (Yes, we/they are.) Affirmative: Subject + is Yes, he is. (Yes, she/it is.) Negative: Subject + am not No, I am not. Negative: Subject + aren't No, you aren't. (No, we/they aren't.) Negative: Subject + isn't No, he isn't. (No, she/it isn't.)

Subject + am/are/is + going to + base form + object She is going to arrive late.

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Negative:

PAST SIMPLE

Subject + am/are/is + not + going to + base form + object They aren't going to be happy.

PAST CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT

Use:

Questions:

FUTURE SIMPLE(TO BE GOING TO)

• Planned actions.
• Prediction based on evidences.

Am/are/is + subject + going to + base form + object Are you going to call me tonight?

Time Expressions:

FUTURE SIMPLE(WILL)

• Tomorrow, soon, later, next week...

Future Simple (will)

English Tenses

Affirmative:

Affirmative:

TIMELINE

Affirmative: Subject + will Yes, I will. (Yes, you/he/she/it/we/they will.) Negative: Subject + won't No, I won't. (No, you/he/she/it/we/they won't.)

Subject + will + base form + object i will visit my grandparents. Short form of will: Will 'll

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PAST SIMPLE

Negative:

PAST CONTINUOUS

Use:

Subject + will not + base form + object Sarah won't play videogames. Short form of will not: Will not won't

PRESENT PERFECT

• No planned actions.
• No planned decisions.
• Predictions (no evidences

FUTURE SIMPLE(TO BE GOING TO)

Time Expressions:

Questions:

FUTURE SIMPLE(WILL)

• If, unless, tomorrow, next, after, in three minutes...

Will + subject + base form + object Will you buy the newspaper?