Natural Science Unit 5 Matter, materials and forces.

unit

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Natural Science

matter, materials

and forces

everything is matter!

WHAT ARE WE LEARNING?

What is matter?················

What is density?·················

Density experiment ············

Solid, liquid, gas ···············

Materials and properties··

Forces ··································

10

Materials observation ·····

Float or sink? ······················

11

Review mindmap ················

Mass and volume··············

12

Investigation···················

Measuring volume············

1. what is matter?

• Matter is everywhere.
• We can find matter in three different states: solid (like ice or a table), liquid (like drinking water or orange juice) and gas (like air).
• Do you think the air is matter? Yes, it is. We can´t see the air but it is matter. Air is matter and matter has weight, and takes up space, whether is a liquid, a solid or a gas.

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1. WHAT IS MATTER? ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY

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2. solid, liquid, gas: experiment

Step 1: Put one ice cube on a plate. Write down what time is it.

For this experiment you need: one ice cube, one plate and a watch.

Step 2: Observe the ice cube. Soon it will become liquid. When it´s all liquid, write down what time is it.

Step 3: Now, water will evaporate. Observe how long it takes to go from liquid to gas. Write down the time when it´s dry.

Step 4: Answer the questions: How long did it take to go from solid to gas? How can you make it go faster? Write a report about your experiment.

Lesson 3: Materials have different properties.

Watch the video and click here:

Activity

Matter makes up different materials. And materials have different properties. They can be transparent or opaque, rigid or flexible, elastic or non-elastic, resistant or fragile. For example:

• Glass (cristal): It´s transparent, we can see through it. It´s fragile.
• Plastic (plástico): It can have different colours and shapes. It´s light, long lasting and cheap.
• Aluminium (aluminio): It is a strong metal, but very light. Steel (acero): It is one of the strongest metals.
• Rubber (goma): it is flexible and long lasting.

activity: Some materials are natural, and some materials are manufactured. answer:

1. Are glass, plastic, aluminium, steel and rubber natural or manufactured?

2. Do you know any natural materials?

lesson 4: Materials observation

Look around your house. Choose three objects and complete this information about them:

• Name of the object:
• Material:
• Properties:
• Made from:
• Uses:

You have some examples in your book, page 71 (Alex and Carla´s school trip project).

Lesson 5: Mass and volume

First, watch this video about mass and volume.

Lesson 5: Mass and volume

Mass: is the amount of matter something contains. An apple has greater mass than a grape. We can measure mass in grams (g). (Mass es el peso de un objeto. Se mide en gramos)

Volume: is the amount of space that something occupies. A car has greater volume than a bicycle. We can measure volume in millilitres. (Volume es el volumen de un objeto, es decir, el espacio que ocupa. Se mide en mililitros)

lesson 5: Activity

ANSWER

What has a greater volume?

What has a greater mass:

• A balloon or a ball?
• A rock or a papel ball?

A shoe box or a pencilcase? A plate or a TV?

Lesson 6: Measuring mass and volume.

75%

THINK! How can you measure the volume of a potato?

For this challenge you will need a measuring jug, water and a potato (or something similar like a fruit).

1. Put water (about 2 glasses) into the jug.
2. Measure its volume in milliliters.

Challenge: How could you measure the volume of the potato? Write your answer or send me a picture of your experiment.

Lesson 7: what is density?

Density helps to explain why some objects float on water and why other sinks (se hunden).

Cork (el corcho) has a lower density that water. This is why it floats on water. Iron (hierro) has a higher density that water. This is why it sinks.

Activity

Lesson 7: what is density? activity

Answer: What has a higher density? Cork or iron? Paper or gold? An apple or a brick (ladrillo)?

Lesson 8: density experiment

For this experiment, we will need different liquids with different density. Three liquids available in our house are a liquid shop, water and oil. Some of other liquids you can also use are ribbon alcohol, pure milk, syrup, pure honey, etc. You can add food colouring to the different liquids if you have.

Instructions

Lesson 9: Forces and their effects.

You cannot see a force but you can see what it does. You can also feel the effect of a force on your body. A force is a push or a pull which acts on an object. A force can make an object move or stop. A force can change the shape of an object. There are two types of forces:

Non-contact forces

Contact forces

They act from a distance and do not make direct contact with the object. Read more about non-contact forces on page 76.

They act through physical contact. Read about contact forces on page 77.

Friction

Buoyancy

Gravity

Magnetism

Activity

Lesson 10: BUOYANCY experiment

Buoyancy (flotabilidad) is another example of a contact force. If you put an ice cube in a glass of water, gravity pulls the ice cube down and the buoyant force pushes it up. If you are at the swimming pool and you have a float (flotador), when you try to push your float under the water you feel the buoyancy force. Today we are going to experiment with this force:

EXPERIMENT

Lesson 11: REVIEW. MINDMAP

Lesson 12: INVESTIGATE!

Investigate about important scientists from the past. Choose only ONE: Arquímedes or Isaac Newton. Create a presentation about him. In your presentation, write about:

• When did he live?
• Where did he live?
• What was his profession?
• Why was he important?

You can look for information (read, watch videos…) in Spanish and then write your presentation in English. You can choose how to do it: a video, a digital presentation (PowerPoint, Genially…), an oral presentation… Be original!

GOOD

JOB!!!