Heat and Light
Primaria Castilla
Created on April 28, 2020
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Transcript
Heat and light
Heat and temperature
Heat is a form of energy that passes from a hotter object to a colder one. An object gets warmer when it absorbs heat and gets cooler when it gives off heat. A source of heat is anything that produces heat:
- Natural sources, like the Sun or lava from a volcano.
- Artificial sources, like a heater, radiator, light bulb or wood fire.
measuring tip
screen
digital thermometers
analogue thermometers
coloured alcohol
scale
Thermometers
Example: thermal energy from the Sun is transferred to the Earth.
Thermal energy can be transferred through space by electromagnetic waves.
Radiation
Circular movement: hotter molecules rise up, and colder molecules move down.
Thermal energy travels through a gas or through a liquid.
Convection
The temperature of the colder object increases, and the hotter object gets colder.
When two objects are in contact, heat is transferred from one object to the other.
Conduction
Conducting materials (conductors) let heat pass through them. Non-conducting materials (insulators) do not let heat pass through them.
If matter gets hot, it usually gets bigger, it expands. If matter cools down, it usually gets smaller, it contracts. Water is a special case: it increases in size when it freezes.
If matter absorbs heat, its temperature increases, it gets warmer. If matter emits heat, its temperature decreases, it cools down. If two objects with different temperatures come into contact, heats transfers from the hotter object to the colder one and they are the same temperature.
Heat and matter
States of Matter
Heat and Matter: Changes in State
Sublimation
gas.
changes into a
When a solid
Evaporation
gas.
changes into a
When a liquid
Melting
liquid.
changes into a
When a solid
Heat and Matter: Changes in State
light bulbs
require electricity
artificial
some living things
the Sun
natural
of light
Sources
Light is a form of energy emitted by luminous objects. Light makes plants grow. Light can be converted into electrical energy. We can sense light using our sense of sight. Light enables us to see objects and distinguish shapes, sizes and colours. Light travels in straight lines from its source.
Light
Light
them
light pass through
do not let any
Opaque
seen clearly
objects cannot be
through
allow light to pass
Translucent
seen clearly
objects can be
through
allow light to pass
Transparent
materials
Types of
The boy can see the reflection of the object in the mirror.
Light travels in a straight line from the object to the mirror.
The mirror reflects the light, causing it to change direction.
Reflection occurs when light energy bounces off a surface and changes direction.
Basic Laws of Light
Water changes the direction of the light energy that passes through it.
When we look ate the straw, it appears to be bent, because water is refracting the light.
Refraction occurs when light passes through some transparent substances and the light energy changes direction slightly.
Basic Laws of Light
White light is made up of all the colours combined together. We can divide white light into colours by refraction because each coloured light travels at a specific wavelength.
Basic Laws of Light
vibration as heat.
When we touch the object, we feel this
object vibrate faster.
This energy makes the molecules of the
energy is absorbed by the object.
When light energy hits an object, some of the
More light energy is absorbed by dark colours, so more light energy is transformed into heat in objects that are dark.
Transforming Light into Heat