modal verbs

MODAL VERBS

by Agata Jodko www.tie24.pl

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MODAL VERBS

CAN/COULD

will/would

shall/should

may/might

must/mustn't

have to

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CAN

CAN - express ability, permission, and make requests and offers. I can't swim. Can I ask a question?Could I have some tea, please? Can you help me?

COULD

COULD - CAN IN THE PAST I COULD SWIM WHEN I WAS 5. I COULDN'T RIDE A BIKE WHEN I WAS 7.

* to express beliefs about the present or future* to talk about what people want to do or are willing to do* to make promises, offers and requests.

will

will/would

* to talk about the past * to talk about hypotheses (when we imagine something) * for politeness * to make requests

would

* John will be in his office. * We'll see you tomorrow. * Perhaps Dad will lend me the car. * We had a terrible night. The baby wouldn't go to sleep. * Will you carry this for me, please?* Would you please be quiet?

examples

shall/should

to make suggestions and give advice

You should send an email.You shouldn’t go by train.

i got a bad mark from maths. what should i do? you should ask your teacher for help

shall i open the window? shall we dance?

may

when we are not sure about something in the present or future

Oh dear! It's half past ten. We may be late for the meeting.

to ask for permission in a formal way

May I borrow the car tomorrow?May we come a bit later?

to give permission in a formal way

we are not sure about something in the present or future:

might

It looks nice, but it might be very expensive.It's quite bright. It might not rain today.

polite questions: Might we ask you a question?

tthe past tense of requests with may:

He asked if he might borrow the car.

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must / mustn't

mustn't

must

mustn't

must

to express lack of permission when something is forbidden

i must clean my room every week. i must do homework

You mustn't smokeyou mustn't cheat on the testsyou mustn't shout.you mustn't jump on the bed

to express obligation need rules

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has to/ doesn't have to

have to/ don't have to

you have to fasten your seatbelts. she has to drink a lot of water. we don't have to buy bread. She doesn't neet to cook. Do you have to do homework? does she have to revise?

obligations written rulles negative - lack of necessity the verb changes in the 3rd singular

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