Polymer classification

Polymer Classification

M. in T. Lucila Giammatteo

How to classify polymers

Constitution

Origin

Structure

Molecular forces

Reaction

By constitution

It depends on the type of monomer that makes up the polymer. If the monomer is the same, it is known as homopolymer. If the polymer is made up of more than two different monomers, it is known as copolymer or heteropolymer.

By origin

Some polymers come from natural sources, whereas others are processed and known as synthetic.

By structure

According to the way in which monomers organize, we can find linear polymers (same type of union is repeated), ramified polymers (where branches come out from the main chain), cross-linked where bonds are made between neighboring chains or network (when branches are intertwined).

By molecular forces

Elastomers possess memory, so when they are stretched and the pressure is released, they go back to their original shape. Plastics are polymers that can be molded under certain temperature and/or pressure conditions. Thermoplastics can be remelted and reshaped without losing their properties. Thermosets can be melted and shaped once, but when they cool they become rigid.

By type of reaction

Certain polymers can be obtained through addition reactions (mainly alkenes) or condensation reactions (giving place to esters or amides).