UNIT 3 - REPRODUCTION

UNIT 3

REPRODUCTION FUNCTION

THREE VITAL FUNCTIONS

HUMANBODY

REPRODUCTION

INTERACTION

NUTRITION

involves

Male Reproductive System

Sexual Characteristics

Pregnancy and Birth

Female Reproductive System

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You get tired easily and may need help from younger people.

infancy

adulthood

adolescence

old age

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You are working and you want to start a family soon.

adulthood

childhood

adolescence

infancy

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You like playing with toys, but you also go to school and study.

old age

infancy

adolescence

childhood

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Your body is changing and you are starting to be more independent.

old age

adolescence

childhood

infancy

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THREE VITAL FUNCTIONS

HUMANBODY

REPRODUCTION

INTERACTION

NUTRITION

involves

Male Reproductive System

Sexual Characteristics

Pregnancy and Birth

Female Reproductive System

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Sexual Characteristics

The physical differences between a man and a woman are called sexual characteristics.

Primary Sexual Characteristics

Secondary Sexual Characteristics

are the differences between male and female reproductive organs.

are differences that start to appear during puberty.

Female Reproductive System

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The female sex cells are called ova or eggs. These eggs mature during puberty. They are round in shape and much larger than sperm cells.

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Puberty in girls

Most girls become physically mature and their body changes during puberty.

Glands in the skin also produce more oil, which can cause spots or acne.

The breasts start to develop and hair grows in the pubic area and armpits (underarms)

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Male Reproductive System

The male sex cells are called sperm. Male reproductive cells begin to form in the testicles during puberty. Sperm cells are very small in size and have a tail which helps them to move.

Puberty in boys

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Boys often go through puberty later than girls. The brain produces hormones which causes physical changes.

Facial hair starts to grow and also in the pubic area and armpits.

The voice becomes deeper.

Glands in the skin also produce more oil, which can cause spots or acne.

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Pregnancy and birth

Human reproduction requieres two different cells: an ovum from the mother and a sperm cell from the father.

From embryo to foetus

Fertilisation

Labour and birth

From zygote to embryo

Fertilisation

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Fertilisation occurs when a sperm cell joins with an ovum. The sperm cells move through the uterus and the fallopian tubes.

Then the sperm fertilises the ovum and starts to divide and grow in size. It forms a ball of cells called zygote.

Fertilisation

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From zygote to embryo

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The zygote travels to the uterus. It attaches to the wall of the uterus and it continues to grow and divide.

After two weeks, the zygote becomes an embryo.

From zygote to embryo

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From embryo to foetus

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At nine weeks all ofthe embryo's organs have formed and it becomes a foetus.

The foetus floats inside a sac of amniotic fluid.

The foetus is connected to the mother by the umbilical cord and the placenta.

The placenta provides the foetus with oxygen and nutrients.

From embryo to foetus

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Labour and birth

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Pregnancy usually lasts about 40 weeks.

When the baby is ready to be born the uterus start to contract and push the baby against the cervix.

The amniotic sac breaks and the baby is pushed through the birth canal.