Terrourism vs. Sustination

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Every year 25 million tourists arrive, 68,500 a day. The worst predictions are that by 2025 there could be 38 million visitors and Venice is looking for solutions while trying to contain the flight of its neighbors. "This is an amusement park and they will exploit it until it explodes"(Velasco, 2019)

Terrourism vs. Sustination

Dr. Lazaro Florido Benitez

A huge transatlantic invades the oil 'The Grand Canal from San Vío, Venice', painted by Canaletto in the year 1723. Illustration: Luis Parejo

Dr. Lazaro Florido

What's happening with tourism?

"It is clear that the future of a city and its idiosyncrasy can not be sustained under economic foundations for the benefit and fortune of exogenous capital. The balance and efficiency of a city begins with the maintenance and preservation of the identity of the people that protect their culture and their future generation."

Sustainability and sustainable tourism means ensuring that whatever we do today does not have a negative impact on our destination, the culture, gastronomy, coexistence, respect and the greater planet for tomorrow. It means leaving the world a better place than we found it.

Florido-Benitez Lazaro, 2019

To look after the environment and tourist destination, ensure our customers have a raised awareness and are more knowledgeable after the experience.

TO BE A RESPECTFUL TRAVELER

Beach of Torremolinos in summer, Malaga/Spain.

+ info

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Terrourism

Tourism

Terrorism

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims (Oxford Dictionary, 2019)

The commercial organization and operation of holidays and visits to places of interest.

Galapagos Islands

Sustination

Sustainability

Destination

Avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance.

Denoting a place that people will make a special trip to visit (Oxford Dictionary,2019).

Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Terrourist

Tourist

Terrorism

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims (Oxford Dictionary, 2019)

A person who is travelling or visiting a place for pleasure.

Smartraveler

Smart

Traveler

Having or showing a quick-witted intelligence.

A person who is traveling or who often travels (Oxford Dictionary,2019).

Arequipa, Perú.

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Terrourism

Terrourist

Sustination

Smartraveler

Activity

Activity

Liable

Liable

It is that individual who commits the action of damaging, degrading, destroying and being complicit in a malicious and intentional action of the natural and cultural resources of a tourist destination, without respecting the welfare and sustainability of the native population and the territory they enjoy.

It is a plan for the short and long term preservation of natural-cultural resources. Where the main agents involved are the governments, the companies and the native population, in order to preserve and value their heritage.

Are those travelers who enjoy the tourist destination they visit, with an open, respectful and integrating vision of the territory and the native population in which they interact during their vacations or free time.

It is the performance of a commercial process where the tourist, tour operators and the tourism destination, deteriorate and deplete natural and cultural resources, for the benefit of economic interests and enjoy them, without caring about the preservation and respect of the native population and the territory they use and consume.

According to Florido-Benitez (2019) conceptualization of Terrourism; Terrourist; Sustination and Smartraveler

Terrourism!!!!

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Damage due to overtourism forced Thai authorities to close Maya Bay to the public for three months - and it's now shutting indefinitely.

Sustainability?

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Around 5,000 tourists a day visit Maya Bay on boats from the tourism hubs of Phuket and Krabi.

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Sustainability at Lady Elliot Island Eco Resort, Queensland, Australia

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Are DMOs aware of the danger of a tourism focused on the number of tourists and revenues and not on the planning and management of territorial and marketing plans?

Mallorca and Ibiza launch even tougher campaign against ‘drunken tourism’ for 2018

"Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities" (UNWTO, 2005).

The terms “tourism” and “sustainability” are two terms that contradict each other. Even though it still has some benefits, there is always going to be a negative side.

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Making Tourism More Sustainable - A Guide for Policy Makers, UNEP and UNWTO, 2005, p.11-12

Suffering unseen: The dark truth behind wildlife tourism

June 2019 issue of National Geographic magazine

The tiger is held by a short chain and can’t stand up. Tigers may be declawed, or even drugged, to protect people around them.

By Natasha Daly and Photographs by Kirsten Luce

Muzzled and chained, three performing bears face their trainer, Grant Ibragimov, after a rehearsal at the Bolshoi State St. Petersburg Circus, in Russia. To make bear cubs strong enough to walk on two legs, trainers may keep them in a standing position, tethered by their necks to the wall.

This should not be happening in the 21st century !!!

Wildlife tourism isn’t new, but social media is setting the industry ablaze, turning encounters with exotic animals into photo-driven bucket-list toppers.

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

From the anthropological point of view

The array of mobilities, including urban commuters and suburbanites, challenge social science's traditional analytical categories such as home, place or community (Glick Schiller & Salazar, 2013).

How is tourism affecting to society?

Tourism as an expansive and external set of practices within the frame of globalization and modernization (Nogués-Pedregal, 2019).

Christin (2017) argues that the tourism industry prides itself on presenting the cultural diversity of the world, but in fact, is dedicated to destroying it.

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Loss of cultural identity, pollution, gentrification, tourism phobia ... There are many unwanted side effects of the proliferation of tourism. This fashion was born in the 20th century with paid vacations in the rich western countries. It is they, in fact, who send the majority of tourists (Germans, Americans, English, French and Japanese) and are those who have in the great tourist flow (France, Spain and the US) according to statistics. The tourist is a marginal destroyer. Only 3.5% of the world population falls into this category. In theory, tourists travel because they "love the planet," but in doing so they destroy it (Christin, 2019).

Ethical tourism serves, according to Christin (2017), to give a good conscience but it will not change the world.

How is tourism affecting to society?

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

International arrivals by country (2016)

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Transforms “cultural heritage” into a “resource”.

Anthropological knowledge of the tourism developments implemented by the Tizimín and Chicxulub of today shows that there are two large groups of strategies: a) those that ‘valorise’ the territory as a whole, looking towards the outside; and b) those that, looking towards the inside, seek ‘to value’ the resources already present in the territory. The following illustration summarizes the process of both strategies, using heritage as an example (Nogués-Pedregal, 2019).

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Touristification: How Tourism and Gentrification are Changing the Cities around the World

https://urbannext.net/touristification-how-tourism-and-gentrification-are-changing-the-cities-around-the-world/

There are now more than eight million people living in London. Projections show that by 2021, the population is set to rise by another million, the fastest rate of growth ever (Savills, 2014).

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Defendable prosperity

The award in 1982 of first prize in the national competition to find the most beautiful village in Spain (First National Embellishment Award).

FRIGILIANA

Vídeo 3

I have to point out defendable, because it is the native population that has to defend and sustain its culture, identity and natural resources. Tourists arrive at the destination to consume products and services, they are not interested in the future of the destination (Florido-Benitez, 2019).

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Evolution of Tourism

VER

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

How can we manage the number of tourists that arrive at a mature tourist destination?

The tourism sector is a ‘‘friendly’’ activity and it has great political advantage because it is always seen as a positive activity: more tourists, more growth, more businesses, and so on. Only scientists and academics want to determine the limits of economic growth (Navarro et al., 2013).

Carrying capacity is an operational tool to achieve sustainability. As argued by Saarinen (2006), there is no sustainability without limits.

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

CARRYING CAPACITY

Terrourism!

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Implement and measure the social carrying capacity of tourists in mass coastal and urbans destinations in the world

Result 2

The evidence from the data presented above shows that tourism is the goose that lays the gold eggs of the main countries that receive this economic activity. Therefore, we have to take care of and guarantee this commercial activity with all the mechanisms we have. For instance, the laws must be tightened to guarantee a respectful tourism with the natives, cases such as the ones mentioned above only create hatred and rejection of the native population towards the tourists, eradicating these behaviors and barbarities on the part of the visitors is essential in the coexistence between tourists and native population.

In order to guarantee a fair and respectful tourism model with all the agents involved, there is no other remedy than the implementation of a sustainable tourism model.

Result 1

Dear readers, do not think that I am against tourism. On the contrary, I and many of my colleagues involved in tourism have been committed to sustainable tourism for years. We defend a sustainable tourism based on quality and sustainability and not on quantity.

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Maro in Malaga

To stand out that the tourist has to be a visitor who comes to enjoy the recreational spaces, natural and cultural resources and does not come to generate destruction and conflicts.

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Conclusion 3

Conclusion 1

Conclusion 2

We can not allow foreign tour operators to get rich and take advantage of our territory, with cheap labor such as the well-known chambermaids at two euros an hour, temporary work contracts that do nothing but raise the risk of poverty and that the majority of the wealth generated reverts to the foreign country of the tour operator and not to the tourist destination itself. This way a country is not built, this generates more poverty.

Let's bet on a committed sustainable tourism that minimizes the impact on the local environment and culture, a tourism that contributes to generating income and stable employment in the native population.We have to be respectful travelers wherever we go. We can not become Terrouists of the earth we tread and enjoy.

The data presented above are indicators that allow us to better stage the reality of tourism in the world, drop by drop of a resigned native population that every summer observes a mass of tourists who invade their cities like hordes and suffer a remarkable loss of quality of life, and that each time they process less respect for the land and culture they tread (Florido-Benitez, 2019).

Thanks for your attention

© Florido-Benítez, Lázaro; Malaga University

Dr. Lazaro Florido-Benitez

lfb@uma.es

References

1. Glick Schiller, N., & Salazar, N. B. (2013). Regimes of mobility across the globe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(2), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.723253.
2. Nogués-Pedregal, Antonio-Miguel. “Anthropological Contributions to Tourism Studies (Book Review).” Annals of Tourism Research 75 (2019): 227–237. Web.
3. Comment le tourisme a tué le tourisme, Rodolphe Christin en entretien avec Annie Desrochers, le 15-18, 14 septembre 2017.
4. Que vous le vouliez ou non, en vacances, vous resterez toujours un touriste, Adrien Franque, Vice France, 9 août 2017.
5. https://www.savills.co.uk/research_articles/229130/171784-0
6. Navarro Jurado, Enrique, Damian, Ionela Mihaela, and Fernández-Morales, Antonio. “CARRYING CAPACITY MODEL APPLIED IN COASTAL DESTINATIONS.” Annals of Tourism Research 43 (2013): 1–19. Web.
7. Saarinen, J. (2006). Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 1121-1140.
8. Velasco, I (2019).Alerta máxima en Venecia: cómo salvar la ciudad del turismo enloquecido .https://www.elmundo.es/papel/historias/2019/05/27/5ce80bc1fdddff80528b4631.html