REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

What's the direct speech?

Yesterday I went to the beach.

What's the reported speech?

'he said he had gone to the beach the previous day'

- We repeat what others have said -The verbal tenses need to be changed -some expressions also need to be changed

DIFFERENCES

RS

DS

he said he had gone to the beach the previous day

'Yesterday I went to the beach.'

CHANGE IN VERBS

he said he swam every Wednesday

Iswim every Wednesday

PRESENT SIMPLE

PAST SIMPLE

he said he was dancing

I am dancing

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PAST CONTINUOUS

he said he had played baseball

I played baseball

PAST SIMPLE

PAST PERFECT

he said he had sung a song

I have sung a song

PRESENT PERFECT

PAST PERFECT

he said he had flown to India

I had flown to India

PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT

he said he would speak in English

I will speak in English

WOULD

FUTURE SIMPLE

NEXT (WEEK, MONTH, YEAR...)

THE PREVIOUS DAY

THAT DAY

YESTERDAY

TODAY

CHANGE IN TIME EXPRESSIONS

TOMORROW

THE FOLLOWING (WEEK, MONTH, YEAR...)

THE FOLLOWING DAY

THE NEXT DAY

THAT (WEEK, MONTH, YEAR...)

LAST (WEEK, MONTH, YEAR...)

THE PREVIOUS (WEEK, MONTH, YEAR...)

THIS (WEEK, MONTH, YEAR...)

THEN

NOW

OTHER CHANGES:

SOMETIMES PRONOUNS ALSO CHANGE:

THIS THAT

SHE / HE / YOU

THESE THOSE

WE

THEY / YOU

HERE THERE

* MY HER / HIS / YOUR *ME HER/ HIM / YOU* OUR THEIR / YOUR * US THEM / YOU

OTHER CHANGES

REPORTING VERBS

• SAY
• ADVISE
• APOLOGIZE
• ASK
• EXPLAIN
• ORDER
• POINT OUT
• REMARK
• REPLY
• STATE
• SUGGEST
• THANK
• INFORM
• TELL
• WARN
• THINK
• WONDER

she said: 'what is Mark doing now?' she asked what Mark was doing then she wondered what Mark was doing then.

she said: 'I am sorry for what I did to you' she said she was sorry for what she had done to me she apologized for what she had done to me

QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH

YES/NO Questions

WH-Questions

*Marina asked: 'Do you go jogging in the mornings'*Marina asked me whether I went jogging in the mornings

*Anne said: 'Where will you go on holidays?'*Anne asked me where I would go on holidays

*Anne said: 'Do you want to go to the trip with me?'*Anne asked me if I wanted to go to the trip with her

WH-Word to introduce the reported sentence Subject + Verb in the changed tense

if/whether to introduce the reported sentence Subject + Verb in the changed tense

THE IMPERATIVE IN REPORTED SPEECH

*His girlfriend shouted: 'Don't be so rude'! *His girlfriend ordered him not to be so rude

*My friend said:'Give me the book'! *My friend ordered me to give him the book

to + infinitive

not +to + infinitive

*The teacher told us: 'Do your homework' *The teacher told us to do our homework

*The teacher told us: 'Don't make so much noise'! *The teacher told us not to make so much noise