INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CAPITALISM AND CLASS-BASED SOCIETY

Index

1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

- Origins- The driving forces of industrialisation - The development of industry - Consequences of industrialisation - Expansion of Industrial Revolution

2. NEW CLASS-BASED SOCIETY AND NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

- Definition- Origins - Characteristics and classes - The first working-class movements - Revolutionary ideologies - Goals of working-class movements

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

01 Origins of Industrialisation

Introduction

Industrialisation was a long, slow process that started in Great Britain in the 18th century. It was based on the mechanisation of production, technical innovations and new ways of working which caused strong growth in the production of goods.

02 Causes of the British Industrial Revolution

LIBERAL POLITICS

WEALTHY TRADE

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

POPULATION GROWTH

TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS

Engand was a parliamentarian system since the 17th century in which bourgeoisie had an important political role through the Chamber of Commons. Besides, it was the cradle of Economic Liberalism. As a result, Great Britain governments had approved several laws liberalising economy:

• Private property as a sacred right protected by law.
• Abolition of protectionism and absence of internal customs.
• Flexibility of the guild system: freedom of production and new forms of manufacturing as the putting out system or "domestic industry".
• Enclosure acts: several laws that allowed the expropiation of communal and uncultivated lands and the combination of properties that were purchased by bourgeoises.

LIBERAL POLITICS

03 Development of industry

During the earliest stages of the Industrial Revolution three areas drove economic growth and encouraged the industrialization:

TRANSPORT REVOLUTION

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

STEEL INDUSTRY

04 Consequences of the Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution led to dramatic transformations:

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

SOCIAL AND WORKING CONSEQUENCES

05 Expansion of Industrialisation

During the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution spread to other European countries (Germany, Belgium and France) and to the United States.

SPAIN

This countries had the proper conditions:- Abundant reserves of coal and iron. - Population growth. - Capital for investment. - Well-developed railway networks.

THE CLASS-BASED SOCIETY

01 What was the class-based society?

Definition

It is a new form of social organisation that replaced the old estates system.In the class-bases society, people's status depended on their wealth and their position in the production process, rather than on their family background.

02 Origins of the class-based society

It originated in the political and economic changes that had taken place as a result of the late-18th century revolutions.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

FRENCH REVOLUTION

03 Characteristics of the new society

• People's class was determinated mainly by their wealth (land, buildings, businesses, wages and other income).
• Citizens were equal before law, but unequal in wealth = UNEQUAL SOCIETY

04 The first working-class movements

Fisrt movements

Causes and origins

LUDITES

- Difficult working and living conditions experienced by the working-class led to protests and demands. - Factory owners opposed workers' demands because improving their conditions would reduce their profits. - Economic Liberalism allowed factory owners to carry out their businesses without any type of restriction.

TRADE UNIONS

UTOPIAN SOCIALISM

CHARTIST

05 Revolutionary ideologies

The International

Working-class ideologies

In the second half of the 19th century, the leaders of worker's organizations from various European countries began to meet.They were awared that proletariat faced the same problems so they form the International, hoping that their demands would be strengthened by working together across borders. Two meetings took place: - The First International - The Second International

During the 19th century, several ideologies promoted working-class interests and aimed to transform society through worker's revolution. They were: - MARXISM - ANARCHISM

06 The goals of working-class movements

POLITICAL REFORMS

LABOUR REFORMS

- Freedom of association- Right to straike and protest - Universal manhood suffrage - Ending to the requirement that parliamentarian were property owners - Working-class representation in Parliament

- Higher wages- Shorter working days - Better safety and hygiene in factories - Banning on child labour

07 The working-class movement in Spain

Characteristics

Working-class movements

LUDDITES

Working-class movements developed in a similar way than in Europe, but there were some differences:- The slow industrialization of Spain meaned low number of factory workers. - The majority of proletariat was made up of agricultura labourers.

SOCIEDADES DE SOCORRO MUTUO

SOCIALISM

ANARCHISM