RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative clauses are often called adjective clauses, because they add information to the meanings of nouns, rather like adjectives. Compare: ripe plums = plums that are ready to eat
What are they?
TYPE 1: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
TYPE 2: NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
2 TYPES
These provide essential information about the subject or object:-: What kind of government would you like? A government which promises to cut taxes.
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Non-defining relative clauses.These provide additional information which can be omitted. These clauses use a comma.
The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular.
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
THAT
WHO
RELATIVISERS
WHOM
WHICH
WHERE
WHEN
WHOSE
WHY
WHO
WHICH
Used for both types of relative clauses
VS
Used for both types of relative clauses
Used for people
Used for things or animals
WHOSE
WHOM
Used for both types of relative clauses
VS
Used for both types of relative clauses
Used when talking about a relation of belonging/possession.
Used for people in non-subject functions. Very formal.
THAT Can be used instead of 'which' 'who' in defining relative clauses
'That' cannot be changed for 'which' 'who' in non-defining relative clauses.
THAT
Relative pronouns as subject: People: he is the man who/that lives next door. Things: this is the photo which/that shows my house. Possession: he is the man whose car was stolen.
Relative pronouns as object: People: He is the man (who(m) /that/that) l met. People: He is the man (that/who)I gave the money to. Things: This is the photo (which /that) l took.
Relative pronouns relating to people: object functionWe can leave out the relative pronoun when it is an object function and if it is a defining relative clause. ______________________He is the man who(m)/that she saw at the shop yesterday. She is the woman who(m)/that she saw at the shop yesterday.They are the men who(m)/that she saw at the shop yesterday.They are the women who(m)/that she saw at the shop yesterday. We can use that, whom or who. Whom is more formal. We cannot leave out the relative pronoun when it is the subject of the relative clause.
o The astronauts are expected to land on the moon shortly. They are reported to be very cheerful.
NON-DEFININGEXAMPLES
o The astronauts, who are reported to be very cheerful, are expected to land on the moon shortly.
o The Thames is now clean enough to swim in. It was polluted for over a hundred years.
o The Thames, which is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted for over a hundred years.
o The millionaire has made a public appeal.His son ran away from home a week ago.
DEFININGEXAMPLES
o The millionaire whose son ran away a week ago has made a public appeal.
RELATIVE ADVERBS
Refers to the place where something takes place.
WHERE
This is the house where I lived as a child.This is Brigs' bakery where you can get great cakes.
Refers to the time when something takes place.
WHEN
That was the time when I went home for dinner. It was the day when we met.
Refers to reasons
WHY
This is the reason why she can't come to the party.
Bye for now!blogdeserena.blog
Relative clauses
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Created on March 19, 2017
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Transcript
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative clauses are often called adjective clauses, because they add information to the meanings of nouns, rather like adjectives. Compare: ripe plums = plums that are ready to eat
What are they?
TYPE 1: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
TYPE 2: NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
2 TYPES
These provide essential information about the subject or object:-: What kind of government would you like? A government which promises to cut taxes.
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Non-defining relative clauses.These provide additional information which can be omitted. These clauses use a comma.
The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular.
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
THAT
WHO
RELATIVISERS
WHOM
WHICH
WHERE
WHEN
WHOSE
WHY
WHO
WHICH
Used for both types of relative clauses
VS
Used for both types of relative clauses
Used for people
Used for things or animals
WHOSE
WHOM
Used for both types of relative clauses
VS
Used for both types of relative clauses
Used when talking about a relation of belonging/possession.
Used for people in non-subject functions. Very formal.
THAT Can be used instead of 'which' 'who' in defining relative clauses
'That' cannot be changed for 'which' 'who' in non-defining relative clauses.
THAT
Relative pronouns as subject: People: he is the man who/that lives next door. Things: this is the photo which/that shows my house. Possession: he is the man whose car was stolen.
Relative pronouns as object: People: He is the man (who(m) /that/that) l met. People: He is the man (that/who)I gave the money to. Things: This is the photo (which /that) l took.
Relative pronouns relating to people: object functionWe can leave out the relative pronoun when it is an object function and if it is a defining relative clause. ______________________He is the man who(m)/that she saw at the shop yesterday. She is the woman who(m)/that she saw at the shop yesterday.They are the men who(m)/that she saw at the shop yesterday.They are the women who(m)/that she saw at the shop yesterday. We can use that, whom or who. Whom is more formal. We cannot leave out the relative pronoun when it is the subject of the relative clause.
o The astronauts are expected to land on the moon shortly. They are reported to be very cheerful.
NON-DEFININGEXAMPLES
o The astronauts, who are reported to be very cheerful, are expected to land on the moon shortly.
o The Thames is now clean enough to swim in. It was polluted for over a hundred years.
o The Thames, which is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted for over a hundred years.
o The millionaire has made a public appeal.His son ran away from home a week ago.
DEFININGEXAMPLES
o The millionaire whose son ran away a week ago has made a public appeal.
RELATIVE ADVERBS
Refers to the place where something takes place.
WHERE
This is the house where I lived as a child.This is Brigs' bakery where you can get great cakes.
Refers to the time when something takes place.
WHEN
That was the time when I went home for dinner. It was the day when we met.
Refers to reasons
WHY
This is the reason why she can't come to the party.
Bye for now!blogdeserena.blog