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MODAL VERBS

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Created on March 1, 2017

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OBLIGATION

NO OBLIGATION

PROHIBITION

Modal verbs

- Must- Have to - Need to

- Don´t/Doesn´t have to-Needn´t

- Cannot - Must not

DEDUCTION

PERMISSION

ADVICE

- Cannot-Must

- Should- Ought to - Had better

- Can- Be allowed to

Nicole Jaimes Alex Pescador David León

POSSIBILITY

QUESTIONS

ABILITY

- Can- Could - be able to - managed to

- May- might - Could

2º Bachillerato

PROHIBITION

Can't and mustn't (must not) are used to show that something is prohibited (not allowed)- You can't go into that restaurant without a tie.- You can't drive in this country unless you are over eighteen.- You mustn't use your phone in class.Can't usually gives the idea of something that is against the rules. Mustn’t usually means that it is the speaker who is setting the rule.

- Cannot - Must not

OBLIGATION

Need to, have to and must are used to express obligation. There is a slight difference in the way that they are used.Have to shows that the obligation comes from someone else, not the speaker. This is usually referring to a rule or law.- We have to be at the airport at least two hours before the flight.Must shows us that the obligation comes from the speaker.- I must hand in my thesis by tomorrow.Need to shows us that we need to do something that isn't an obligation which is impost. - You need to go home before the evening.

- Must- Have to - Need to

NO OBLIGATION

Don't have to means you don't need to do something, but it's fine if you want to do it:I had to wear a school uniform when I was a child.The semi-modal need is most common in the negative. We use it to show that there is no obligationWe needn’t spend much time on this topic. It’s not going to be in the exam.

NO OBLIGATION

- Don´t/Doesn´t have to-Needn´t

PERMISSION

We use can to ask for permission to do something or to give permission :Can I ask a question, please?Be allowed to is used when it is a norm:Is he allowed to play football?

- Can- Be allowed to

ADVICE

It is common to use “should” to give negative advice. In this case, add “not”.You should not smoke.Ought to is more formal than should:you ought to study tonight.Had better is common when making a stronger suggestionYou had better not to go out tonight.

- Should- Ought to - Had better

DEDUCTION

We use must when we feel sure that something is true because there’s very strong evidence.He must live near here because he comes to work on foot. We don’t know where he lives but we’re sure it’s not far away.We use can’t when we feel sure something is not true.It can’t be far away now. We’ve been driving for hours. Where’s the map?

- Cannot-Must

DEDUCTION

- Cannot-Must

ABILITY

- Can-Could -Be able to -Managed to

We use can to talk about someone’s skill or general abilities:She can speak several languages.We use could to talk about past time:She could speak several languages.We tend to use was able to or managed to if we are talking about what happened in a particular situation or are referring to a specific achievement:My brother wanted to carry on, but we managed to / were able to talk him out of it.

DEDUCTION

- Cannot-Must

ABILITY

- Can- Could - be able to - managed to

Possibility

- May-Might -Could

May is formal and is often found in writing, like this example:Side effects of this medication may include upset stomach and fever.

POSSIBILITY

- May- might - Could

MODAL VERBS

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