ROMANESQUE

ART. 11th-13th Centuries

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ROMANESQUE

Painting

Sculpture

Regional styles

Architecture general characteristics

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Intro

› Introduction › › › › ›

Index

Romanesque art originated in France The Romanesque art was the first Christian art which extended over all Europe, although each country is going to have differences in style The religious topic was omnipresent because the church was the only client and because the art was seen as a way to glorify god (and the church) and the better way to teach about religion to the illiterate masses

Intro

ARCHES & VAULTS

A ROMANESQUE LIGHT

WALLS & BUTRESSES

PLAN

The most important buildings were churches, cathedrals and monasteries. These architectural elements made the buildings small and more horizontal than vertical

Arquitecture General Characteristics

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The most used plans were the latin cross plan which had the following parts.

PLAN

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*BUTRESSES*

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Due to the weight of the roofs they had to use big buttresses in the walls and the windows were very small

Walls

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Semicircular

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› They used semicircular arches, groin vaults and barrel vaults.

Vaults and Arches

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A Romanesque Light

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› Due to the small windows the buildings were slightly illuminated. This, combined with the aromatic herbs used to cover the bad smell, and the language (Latin) used , made the religious ceremonies mysterious for the general population

Windows

Regional styles

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Poitiers

Provence

Burgundy

Normandy

Even if this style had its origIns in France its political disunion made 4 different styles appeared

French Architecture

The Norman style was characterized for having taller churches with two high towers in the façade, this style set the basis for the Gothic style. One of the most important building is the Women’s Abbey in Caen

Normandy

The Burgundian style was the one which extended through Europe, so its characteristics are the ones of the General Architecture. Its best example is the Madeleine of Vezelay

Burgundy

The Poitiers style took elements from the Byzantine style like the Scaled domes, like in the cathedral of Poitiers

Poitiers

The Provence style had simple buildings but columns and sculptures in their facades. The best example is the church of Saint Trophime of Arles

Provence

German Romanesque

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Wilhelm the Conqueror the Norman who conquered England in 1066 brought the Norman architecture style with him, influencing definitely English RomanesqueEnglish style is going to share some characteristics with the French Norman style, but the cathedrals are going to be bigger and the square towers of the façade are going to be massiveThe best example of these style is going to be the Cathedral of Durham

England

› The Italian Romanesque was very different from the European one, because they still have lot of influences from their Roman pastTheir buildings are going to have triangular facades which reminded the Roman templesThe churches are going to use multicolored marble in the exterior and usually they are going to have columns in the façade instead of sculpturesIn Italy the bell tower and the baptism building are going to be separated from the churchThe best examples of these architecture are the Church of San Miniato al Monte in Florence and the Cathedral of Pisa

Italy

They are going to have decorative elements like Lombard bands, little wall sided arches.The most important buildings are the churches of San Clemente and Santa Maria de Tahull with wooden flat roofs, and the monastery of Ripoll with its 5 naves and 7 apses

The catalonian style is very similar to the northern italian style (Lombard)

Lombardy/Cataluña

› Inspired by the French architecture developed an unique way of building temples.They are going to use decorative elements like the “Taqueado Jaques” and polylobbed arches like in San Isidoro de Leon The most important building is the Santiago cathedral with its ambulatory for the pilgrims circulation

Saint-Jaques Path

› Different influences make all the Castilian buildings very different one from each otherSome of them like San Millan of Segovia have porticosOthers like the Colegiata de Toro have scaled domes influenced by Poitiers and Byzantine artAnd others like San Juan de Duero have influence from Holy Land

Castilla

Placement

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Given that the church was the only client the only topic was the religious oneAlmost all of the sculptures were reliefs with only a few free standing sculpturesThe main material was stone although some of them were made of wood and alabasterThe sculpture had a didactic purpose, to teach religion to the illiterate massesThe figures were rigid, inexpressive, had unrealistic proportions and were adapted to the frame like in “La duda de Santo Tomas”The two most important themes were the “Pantocrator” and the “Tetramorphos” which is the Pantocrator with the 4 evangelists.

Sculpture

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Painting

Santa Fe de Conques

Puzzle to see the different parts of a Romanesque Portal. Click on the image